skin for scraping and smoothing their work, and it is also used for like purposes by metal workers. This skin, when worked up with the tubercles with which it is studded, takes the name of _galuchat_, and is usually dyed green, to cover cases, sheaths, and boxes. Under the name of _chagrin_, these skins used to be much employed in Turkey, Syria, Tunis, and Tripoli--that made in Tripoli being considered the best. It was coloured black, green, white, and red. France imported 18,000 lb. of ray-skins in 1863, chiefly from Portugal. _Goat and Kid._--Our imports of undressed goat-skins in 1883 were:--From Russia 18,355, 2523_l._; Sweden 1296, 229_l._; Norway 19,391, 3316_l._; Denmark 11,012, 1856_l._; Germany 52,571, 5856_l._; Holland 13,336, 1858_l._; Belgium 40,518, 4632_l._; France 81,798, 14,121_l._; Italy, 5708, 987_l._; Austrian territories 37,827, 3844_l._; Turkey 38,166, 4580_l._; Egypt 16,228, 933_l._; British Possessions in South Africa 1,176,535, 139,632_l._; Aden 39,800, 4797_l._; British India: Bombay 122,242, 10,487_l._; Madras 169,642, 17,895_l._; Bengal 2,568,526, 203,256_l._; China 93,738, 5864_l._; Australasia 44,340, 5518_l._; United States of America 6822, 845_l._; Chile 16,756, 2553_l._; Brazil 159,949, 16,189_l._; Argentine Republic 12,000, 952_l._; other countries 3239, 229_l._; total 4,749,795, 452,952_l._ Ciudad Bolivar (Venezuela) sent 317 pieces (284 lb.) to New York in 1879. Tripoli exported 7000_l._ worth in 1879, and 3000_l._ in 1880. In 1880, a number of raw goat-skins were sent from the Marche and Romagna to the United States, weighing about 1-1/2 _kilo._ (of 2·2 lb.) each, and to be used chiefly for ladies' shoes and pocket-books. Shanghai, in 1878, exported 164,285 pieces. Tangier, in 1879, sent 12 cwt., 60_l._, to Great Britain; 3637 cwt., 18,185_l._, to France and Algiers; 10 cwt., 50_l._, to Spain; total, 14,636 doz., 18,295_l._; and 3046 cwt., 13,707_l._, in 1880. The Hawaiian Islands, in 1879, shipped 24,940 pieces to the United States (Pacific ports). In 1879, Christiania exported 65,000 _kroner_ (of 1_s._ 1-1/2_d._) worth of goat and sheep skins to Great Britain. The shipments of goat and kid skins from the French East Indies fell from 5500 in 1876, to 4894 in 1877, and 300 in 1879, with none since. The shipments from the Cape to Great Britain were 794,637 in 1878, 657,509 in 1879, and 934,810 in 1880. Cadiz, in 1877, sent 404 _kilo._ (of 2·2 lb.) of kid skins, value 84_l._, to Great Britain, and 3866 _kilo._ 805_l._, to France. Puerto Cabello (Venezuela), in 1879, despatched 28,684 _kilo._ to Germany, 124,964 to the United States, 14,295 to France, and 18,536 to Holland. Honolulu sent 64,525 pieces to the United States in 1878. Samsoun (Turkey) exported 130,700 _kilo._, 6796_l._, to France in 1878. The Cape exports fell from 1,478,761 pieces in 1874, to 687,570 in 1879. Memel sent by sea 7 cwt., 73_l._, in 1879. Tientsin (China) exported 38,107 _piculs_ (of 133-1/3 lb.) in 1879. Mogador (Morocco)