In secular architecture the +Hospital+ of +Santa Cruz+ at Toledo, by _Enrique de Egaz_ (1504-16), is one of the earliest examples of the style. Here, as also in the +University+ at +Salamanca+ (Fig. 195), the portal is the most notable feature, suggesting both Italian and French models in its details. The great +College+ at +Alcala de Heñares+ is another important early monument of the Renaissance (1500-17, by _Pedro Gumiel_). In most designs the preference was for long façades of moderate height, with a basement showing few openings, and a _bel étage_ lighted by large windows widely spaced. Ornament was chiefly concentrated about the doors and windows, except for the roof balustrades, which were often exceedingly elaborate. Occasionally a decorative motive is spread over the whole façade, as in the +Casa de las Conchas+ at Salamanca, adorned with cockle-shells carved at intervals all over the front--a bold and effective device; or the Infantada palace with its spangling of carved diamonds. The courtyard or _patio_ was an indispensable feature of these buildings, as in all hot countries, and was surrounded by arcades frequently of the most fanciful design overloaded with minute ornament, as in the +Infantado+ at Guadalajara, the +Casa de Zaporta+, formerly at Saragossa (now removed to Paris; Fig. 196), and the Lupiana monastery. The patios in the +Archbishop’s Palace+ at Alcala de Heñares and the +Collegio de los Irlandeses+ at Salamanca are of simpler design; that of the +Casa de Pilatos+ at Seville is almost purely Moorish. Salamanca abounds in buildings of this period. [Illustration: FIG. 196.--CASA DE ZAPORTA: COURTYARD.] [Illustration: FIG. 197.--PALACE OF CHARLES V., GRANADA.]