+THE GRIEGO-ROMANO.+ The more classic treatment of architectural designs by the use of the orders was introduced by _Alonzo Berruguete_ (1480-1560?), who studied in Italy after 1503. The Archbishop’s Palace and the Doric +Gate+ of +San Martino+, both at Toledo, were his work, as well as the first palace at Madrid. The Palladio of Spain was, however, by _Juan de Herrera_ (died 1597), the architect of +Valladolid Cathedral+, built under Philip V. This vast edifice follows the general lines of the earlier cathedrals of Jaen and Granada, but in a style of classical correctness almost severe in aspect, but well suited to the grand scale of the church. The masterpiece of this period was the monastery of the +Escurial+, begun by _Juan Battista_ of Toledo, in 1563, but not completed until nearly one hundred and fifty years later. Its final architectural aspect was largely due to Herrera. It is a vast rectangle of 740 × 580 feet, comprising a complex of courts, halls, and cells, dominated by the huge mass of the chapel. This last is an imposing domical church covering 70,000 square feet, treated throughout with the Doric order, and showing externally a lofty dome and campaniles with domical lanterns, which serve to diversify the otherwise monotonous mass of the monastery. What the Escurial lacks in grace or splendor is at least in a measure redeemed by its majestic scale and varied sky-lines. The +Palace of Charles V.+ (Fig. 197), adjoining the Alhambra at Granada, though begun as early as 1527 by _Machuca_, was mainly due to Berruguete, and is an excellent example of the Spanish Palladian style. With its circular court, admirable proportions and well-studied details, this often maligned edifice deserves to be ranked among the most successful examples of the style. During this period the cathedral of Seville received many alterations, and the upper part of the adjoining Moorish tower of the +Giralda+, burned in 1395, was rebuilt by _Fernando Ruiz_ in the prevalent style, and with considerable elegance and appropriateness of design.