Of the +Palace+ at +Madrid+, rebuilt by Philip V. after the burning of the earlier palace in 1734, and mainly the work of an Italian, _Ivara_; the Aranjuez palace (1739, by _Francisco Herrera_), and the Palace at +San Ildefonso+, it need only be said that their chief merit lies in their size and the absence of those glaring violations of good taste which generally characterized the successors of Churriguera. In ecclesiastical design these violations of taste were particularly abundant and excessive, especially in the façades and in the sanctuary--huge aggregations of misplaced and vulgar detail, with hardly an unbroken pediment, column, or arch in the whole. Some extreme examples of this abominable style are to be found in the Spanish-American churches of the 17th and 18th centuries, as at Chihuahua (Mexico), Tucson (Arizona), and other places. The least offensive features of the churches of this period were the towers, usually in pairs at the west end, some of them showing excellent proportions and good composition in spite of their execrable details. Minor architectural works, such as the rood screens in the churches of Astorga and Medina de Rio Seco, and many tombs at Granada, Avila, Alcala, etc., give evidence of superior skill in decorative design, where constructive considerations did not limit the exercise of the imagination. +PORTUGAL.+ The Renaissance appears to have produced few notable works in Portugal. Among the chief of these are the +Tower+, the church, and the +Cloister+, at Belem. These display a riotous profusion of minute carved ornament, with a free commingling of late Gothic details, wearisome in the end in spite of the beauty of its execution (1500-40?). The church of +Santa Cruz+ at Coimbra, and that of +Luz+, near Lisbon, are among the most noted of the religious monuments of the Renaissance, while in secular architecture the royal palace at +Mafra+ is worthy of mention. +MONUMENTS.+ (Mainly supplementary to preceding text.) AUSTRIA, BOHEMIA, etc.: At Prague, Schloss Stern, 1459-1565; Schwarzenburg Palace, 1544; Waldstein Palace, 1629; Salvator Chapel, Vienna, 1515; Schloss Schalaburg, near Mölk, 1530-1601; Standehaus, Gratz, 1625. At Vienna: Imperial palace, various dates; Schwarzenburg and Lichtenstein palaces, 18th century.