BOOKS RECOMMENDED: As before, Stranahan, _et al._; also Balliere, _Henri Regnault_; Blanc, _Les Artistes de mon Temps_; Blanc, _Histoire des Peintres francais au XIX^{me} Siecle_; Blanc, _Ingres et son OEuvre_; Bigot, _Peintres francais contemporains_; Breton, _La Vie d'un Artiste_ (_English Translation_); Brownell, _French Art_; Burty, _Maitres et Petit-Maitres_; Chesneau, _Peinture francaise au XIX^{me} Siecle_; Clement, _Etudes sur les Beaux Arts en France_; Clement, _Prudhon_; Delaborde, _OEuvre de Paul Delaroche_; Delecluze, _Jacques Louis David, son Ecole, et son Temps_; Duret, _Les Peintres francais en 1867_; Gautier, _L'Art Moderne_; Gautier, _Romanticisme_; Gonse, _Eugene Fromentin_; Hamerton, _Contemporary French Painting_; Hamerton, _Painting in France after the Decline of Classicism_; Henley, _Memorial Catalogue of French and Dutch Loan Collection_ (1886); Henriet, _Charles Daubigny et son OEuvre_; Lenormant, _Les Artistes Contemporains_; Lenormant, _Ary Scheffer_; Merson, _Ingres, sa Vie et son OEuvre_; Moreau, _Decamps et son OEuvre_; Planche, _Etudes sur l'Ecole francaise_; Robaut et Chesneau, _L' OEuvre complet d'Eugene Delacroix_; Sensier, _Theodore Rousseau_; Sensier, _Life and Works of J. F. Millet_; Silvestre, _Histoire des Artistes vivants et etrangers_; Strahan, _Modern French Art_; Thore, _L'Art Contemporain_; Theuriet, _Jules Bastien-Lepage_; Van Dyke, _Modern French Masters_. THE REVOLUTIONARY TIME: In considering this century's art in Europe, it must be remembered that a great social and intellectual change has taken place since the days of the Medici. The power so long pent up in Italy during the Renaissance finally broke and scattered itself upon the western nations; societies and states were torn down and rebuilded, political, social, and religious ideas shifted into new garbs; the old order passed away. [Illustration: FIG. 60.--DAVID. THE SABINES. LOUVRE.]