Persia, Jews under Persian sway, 17; political silence vs. religious activity, 18-22; Persian influence, _note_, 24; conquered by Greece, 18, 19; conflict with Byzantium, 282, 283; history of, 230; religion of, 235, 236. Pharisees, The, 80; contrasted with Sadducees, 80, 81; seven classes of, note, 83; slandered, 81. Philip, tetrarch of Batanea and Gaulonitus, 117. Philo, 141; on Pilate, 124, 125; on proselytes, 138; as expounder of Scripture, 141, 142; as philosopher, 142-144; theory of the Logos, 143, 144; ethics of, 144-145; pleads to emperor for Jews, 148. Pilate, the Procurator, 123; slaughters the Samaritans, 125; condemns Jesus of Nazareth to death, 127. Pompey takes Jerusalem, 93. Pool of Siloam, illustration, 90. Popes, dangerous power of, 285. Post-exilic literature, 22. Prayer of Manasses, 64; of Onias, 92. Prayer, supersedes sacrifice as sole mode of worship, 184, 185; Talmudic sayings on, 258; vs. sacrifice, 64. Prayer Book, The, 194, 195; _note_, 196. Priest, and Synagogue, 21; High P., functions and power of, 21. Procurators, first group, 123; last group, 153; their treatment of the Jews, 119, 122-124; their place in the Roman system, 147; Albinus, 156; Felix, 154; Festus, 155; Florus, 156, 157; Pilate, 123. Proselytes, Greek, 137, 138; Roman, 126, 137, 201, 202; Queen Helen of Adiabene, 139; Aquila, 202; Jussuf, King of Yemen, 296; by compulsion 78, 85; _note_, 205. Providence, Talmudic sayings on, 258, 259. Ptolemies, the, 68; Philadelphus, 68; Philometer 70, 71. Pumbeditha, Babylonian Academy, 237. Rab (Abba Areka), Babylonian Amora, 232; establishes Sora Academy, 233; moralist, 233. Rabbi, title of, 194. Rabba, classified Halachoth, 237. Religion as law, 19-21. Repentance, Talmudic sayings on, 273, 274. Resh Galutha, office of, 231; under Moslem sway, 309. Resh Lakish, expounder, 220. Righteousness, Talmudic sayings on, 259. Ritual of Prayer, 194-196. Rome, history from 146 B. C. E. to establishment of the Empire, 95, 96; policy of, 93; Pompey takes Jerusalem, 92; suzerainty over Judea, 96; Judea under, 77; appoints procurators over Judea, 119; Judea's wars with, 57, 168; regime of, after Judea's overthrow, 201; revolt against Trajan, 202-204; suppresses the Bar Cochba revolt, 213; decline of the empire, 239; division of the Empire, 245; influx of barbarians, 246; western half of Empire succumbs to northern tribes, 247; successors, 283-285.