Rome, Emperors of, that came in relations with the Jews: Antoninus Pius, 217; Augustus, 120, 126; Caligula, 147, 148; Claudius, 149, 150; Domitian, 139; Julian, 245; Hadrian, 204, 205, 209, 213; Nero, 159; Nerva, 202; Alexander Severus, 239; Tiberius, 125; Titus, 161; Trajan, 202, 203; Vespasian, 159, 161, 162, 165, 173, 184. Sabbatic year, 46. Saboräim, 3d group of law expounders, 253, 254. Sacrifice ceases with fall of Jerusalem Temple, 184-185. Sacrificial worship, _note_, 188. Sadduccees, 79; contrasted with Pharisees, 80, 81. Salome, Alexandra, reign of, 87; coin of her time, 87. Samuel, Babylonian Amora, 233; rationalist and jurist, 233, 234; "land's law is ours," 234; patriot, 234; astronomer and physician, 234, 235; maxims, 235. Samuel, Arabian Jewish hero, 296, 297; Sheik and poet, 296, 297. Samaritans, 125. Sanhedrin, 123, 127, 151; shorn of power, 108. Scribes, The 19, 20. Seleucidan regime, 28; era, 28. Semicha (ordination), 194, 215. Septuagint, The, 68, 69, 71. Severus, Alexander respects Judaism, 239. Severus, Julius, defeats Bar Cochba, 212, 213. Shammai, contrasted with Hillel, 112, 115; school of, 115; against proselytism, 115. Sicarii, The, 154, 155. Simlai, R., enumerates 365 negative and 248 affirmative precepts, 220. Simon b. Giora, Zealot leader, 165, 170. Simon, the Just, High Priest, 29, 30; Ben Sirach's description of, 29. Simon the Hasmonean, independent Prince of Judea, 50, 77, 78; makes treaty with Rome, 77; coins, 50, 51. Simon ben Shetach, 88, 89; establishes schools, 89. Sin, Talmudic sayings about, 271, 272. Slave trade and the Jews, 286. Slavery, a medieval institution, 286. Sibylline Oracles, Judaism expressed in, 137. "Song of the Three Holy Children," 64. Sora, Babylonian Academy, 233. Spanish Peninsula, 288; status of Jews before 6th century in, 289; their position in 7th century in, 290, 291; conquered by the Moslems, 292, 310. "Susanna, History of," 64. Synagogue, establishment of, 21; ritual, 19; "Men of the Great," 22. Syria (Roman) Judea province of, 119. Syrian governors, Vitellius, well disposed toward Jews, 147; Petronius risks life for Jews, 148; Cestius Gallus put to rout by Jews, 158. Talmud, The, 250; stories from 256, 264; codifying commenced, by R. Ashi, 251; Babylonian, 251; Palestinian, 252; the Gemara, 251; Halacha and Agada, 252, 253; literature on, 253; language of, _note_, 254; influenced by Roman law, _note_, 255. Tannäim, the first order of expounders, 186. Targum, 145. Tax, Jewish, 170. Teachers, value of, sayings about, 221.