Temple, The, as a religious centre, 21; desecrated by Antiochus, 34; re-dedicated by the Maccabees, 45; invaded by Pompey, 93; rebuilt by Herod, 107; besieged by Rome, 168; destroyed by Rome, 170; heathen temple built on site, 171; religious consequence of its overthrow: Jewish, 183-185; Christian, 198; Fast, _note_, 196; as reconstructed by Chipiez, 74; ground plan of Temple area, 75; of Onias, 70; justification for a temple outside of Jerusalem, 70, 71. "Testaments, Old and New," significance of the title, 198, 199. Tetrarch, 120. Theocracy, defined, 119; Roman rule antagonistic to, 119. Theudas, a Messiah, executed, 153. Tiberius, Roman emperor, 125. Titus conducts war against Judea, 161, 166, 170; Arch of, illustration, 180; portrait, 164; Coin of the reign of, 166. Tobit, Book of, 57, 58; Prayer of, 58, 59. Traders, why Jews became, 286. Trajan, revolt against, 202, 203. Truth, strength of, 56, 57; Talmudic sayings about, 266. Vespasian, sent by Nero to quell Judean rebellion, 159; conquers Galilean plain, 161; conquers northern fortresses, 165; crowned Roman emperor, 173; grants permission to J. b. Zakkai to establish an Academy at Jamnia, 184; brass coin indicating Judea's overthrow, 189. Vulgate, The, Latin translation of the Scriptures, 249. Water Bottles, Goat-skin, illustration, 66. Water Festival (Sh'mini Atzereth,) 89. "Wine, Strength of," 54. Wisdom literature, 60. "Wisdom of Solomon," 62; quotations from, 62, 63. Wit and Humor of Rabbis, 275, 276. Woman, Jewish estimate of, 262; Talmudic sayings on, 263; strength of, 55, 56. Wood Festival, Ab 15th, 89. Work, Talmudic sayings on, 264, 265. Zealots, The, 124, 153, 154, 165. Zoroastrism, religion of Persia, 235, 236. * * * * * [Illustration: Map Back end paper "The Diaspora"] * * * * * Transcriber's note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed. Missing page numbers are page numbers that were not shown in the original text. The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs, thus the page number of the illustration might not match the page number in the List of Illustrations. Mismatched quotation marks are not corrected if it is not sufficiently clear where the missing quotation mark should be placed. In the Index, hyphenation has been changed from "goatskin" to "goat-skin". In the book the table of Contents lists the "Preface to revised edition" as on page v and the Introduction as on page vi. In the book, the Introduction comes before the Preface on unnumbered pages.