Rome's decline -- Why Christianity appealed to Romans -- Judaism and Christianity contrasted -- The Calendar. 239-244 CHAPTER XXXIV. DIVISION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Julian -- Two Roman Empires -- Goths and Vandal s-- Persecution of the Jews. 245-249 CHAPTER XXXV. THE TALMUD. The Gemara -- The contents -- Talmudic Literature -- Saboräim. Note: Law of the Talmud. 250-255 CHAPTER XXXVI. SAYINGS AND STORIES OF THE SAGES OF THE TALMUD. God -- Providence -- Prayer -- Righteousness -- Study of the Law -- Education in general -- Parents and children -- Woman. 256-263 CHAPTER XXXVII. SAYINGS AND STORIES OF THE SAGES. (_continued._) Work -- Truth -- Justice and Honesty -- Kindness -- Charity -- Humility and Patience -- Sin -- Repentance -- Death and immortality -- Wit and Humor. 264-279 _BOOK V. SHEM AND JAPHETH._ CHAPTER XXXVIII. BEGINNING OF THE JEWISH MIDDLE AGES. In the Byzantine Empire -- Laws of Justinian -- Jews again involved in war -- Rome's successors -- Italy -- The Popes -- Slavery and trade. 281-287 CHAPTER XXXIX. IN THE SPANISH PENINSULA. Gaul and the Franks -- Vicissitudes in Spain. 288-292 CHAPTER XL. ARABIA. The land and the people -- Arabian Jews -- Jussef the Proselyte -- Samuel the chivalrous. 293-298 CHAPTER XLI. MOHAMMED. The Hegira. 299-304 CHAPTER XLII. ISLAM AND THE JEWS. Christianity and Islam -- The Koran or the Sword -- The Spread of Islam -- Fall of Visigothic Spain. 304-310 List of Illustrations PAGE Jerusalem besieged by Titus _Frontispiece_ Antiochus Epiphanes 42 Half Shekel, Simon Maccabeus 50 Shekel, Simon Maccabeus 51 Goat-skin water bottles 66 The Temple of Jerusalem 74 Ground plan of Temple Area 75 Coin of Johanan the High Priest 84 Coin of the Time of Alexandra 87 The Pool of Siloam 90 Julius Caesar 97 Coin of Antigonus on his accession 101 Emperor Augustus 105 Coin of Agrippa I. 148 Coin of Agrippa II. 152 Battlement on a house-top 160 Emperor Titus 164 Coin of the Reign of Titus 166