[Illustration: Fig. 60. The inner surface of the stomach and duodenum. 1, The lower portion of the oesophagus. 2, The opening through which the food is passed into the stomach. 8, The stomach. 9, The opening through which the food passes out of the stomach into the duodenum, or upper portion of the small intestine. 10, 11, 14, The duodenum 12, 13, Ducts through which the bile and pancreatic fluid pass into it. _a_, _b_, _c_, The three coats of the stomach.] 244. The INTESTINES, or alimentary canal, are divided into two parts--the _small_ and _large_. The small intestine is about twenty-five feet in length, and is divided into three portions, namely, the _Du-o-de´num_, the _Je-ju´num_, and the _Il´e-um_. The large intestine is about five feet in length, and is divided into three parts, namely, the _Cæ´cum_, the _Co´lon_, and the _Rec´tum_. (Appendix D.) 245. The DUODENUM is somewhat larger than the rest of the small intestine, and has received its name from being in length about the breadth of twelve fingers. It commences at the pylorus, and ascends obliquely backward to the under surface of the liver. It then descends perpendicularly in front of the right kidney, and passes transversely across the lower portion of the spinal column, behind the colon, and terminates in the jejunum. The ducts from the liver and pancreas open into the perpendicular portion, about six inches from the stomach. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= 244. Explain fig. 60. What is the length of the small intestine, and how is it divided? What is the length of the large intestine? Give its divisions. 245. Describe the duodenum. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= 246. The JEJUNUM is continuous with the duodenum. It is thicker than the rest of the small intestine, and has a pinkish tinge. 247. The ILEUM is smaller, and thinner in texture, and somewhat paler, than the jejunum. There is no mark to distinguish the termination of the one or the commencement of the other. The ileum terminates near the right haunch-bone, by a valvular opening into the colon at an obtuse angle. This arrangement prevents the passing of substances from the colon into the ileum. The jejunum and ileum are surrounded above and at the sides by the colon. 248. The small intestine, like the stomach, has three coats. The inner, or mucous coat is thrown into folds, or valves. In consequence of this valvular arrangement, the mucous membrane is more extensive than the other tissues, and gives a greater extent of surface with which the aliment comes in contact. There are imbedded under this membrane an immense number of minute glands, and it has a great number of piles, like those upon velvet. For this reason, this membrane is sometimes called the _vil´lous_ coat. 249. The CÆCUM is the blind pouch, or cul-de-sac, at the commencement of the large intestine. Attached to its extremity is the _ap-pend´ix verm-i-form´is_, (a long, worm-shaped tube.) It is from one to six inches in length, and of the size of a goose-quill.