[7] Ciampini, de Sacris Ædificiis, p. xvi. Fontana, Templum Vaticanum, p. 89. Pistolezi, Il Vaticano Descritto, vol. 7, p. 57. From Professor Willis's History of Canterbury Cathedral:—"Screen of old St. Peter's, at Rome.—In front of the steps were placed twelve columns of Parian marble, arranged in two rows; these were of a spiral form, and decorated with sculpture of vine leaves: the bases were connected by lattice-work of metal, or by walls of marble breast high. The entrance was between the central pillars, where the cancelli, or lattices, were formed into doors, which gave access to the presbytery as well as the confessionary. Above these columns were laid beams, or entablatures, upon which were placed images, candelabra, and other decorations; and, indeed, the successive Popes seem to have lavished every species of decoration in gold, silver, and marble-work upon this enclosure and the crypt below. The entire height, measured to the top of the entablature, was about thirty feet; the columns, with the connecting lattices and entablatures, formed, in fact, _the screen of the chancel_." [8] Anastasius, in his Lives of the Popes, mentions Sergius I., Gregory III., Adrian I., Leo III., Pascal I., Gregory IV., Sergius II., Leo IV., and Nicholas I., as munificent donors of costly veils for the altars of various churches in Rome, as may be seen at length in Thiers's Traité des Autels, chap. xiv. [9] There are five illustrations of this church in an interesting Italian work, entitled Monumenti della Religione Cristiana. [10] These pictures are all engraved in a work entitled Raccolta delle più celebri Pitture di Sienna. [Plate II: _Elevation of Screen of Old Sᵗ Peters Church at Rome._ _REFERENCES_ A. _Ciborium of the High Altar._ B. _The Holy Gates._ CCC. _Metal lattices._ EE. _Marble Basement._ GG. _Rods for Suspending Lamps & offerings in honour of Sᵗ Peter._ HH. _Standing Candlesticks for great feasts._ Gates; Plan.] [Plate III: _Marble Screen in the Basilica of SS Nerei and Achille, at Rome._ _Iron Screen from an ancient Painting at Sienna representing the life of Pius the second, by Pinturicchio._] [Plate IV: _Marble Screen in the Church of the Frairi, Venice._ _Detached Altar of Sᵗ Michele, Florence, with its Brass Screen._] ON SCREENS IN GERMANY AND FLANDERS. SCREENS AT LUBECK. The churches of this ancient city have preserved all their internal fittings as perfectly as those of Nuremberg, although the Catholic rites have ceased within them for nearly three centuries. The minutest ornaments remain intact, and but very trifling additions or alterations have been made in the original arrangement; accordingly, we find splendid examples of screens, which I have figured in the adjoining plates.