_Head._ Dura and pia mater highly injected; surface of brain quite dry and hard; substance throughout exceedingly firm, and thickly crowded with bloody points; cerebellum soft; pituitary gland soft; all the ventricles, especially the third, exceedingly enlarged and quite full of limpid serum; communicating passages greatly distended; an ounce of serum at base. _Thorax._ [Left pleuræ completely adherent; both lungs full of tubercles, many of which in the left lung were softened and others were in a state of suppuration.] _Abdomen._ Mucous membrane of small intestines inflamed and thickened; no ulceration. [Sigmoid flexure of colon contracted into the form of a small white cord of very narrow calibre, the superior extremity of which was blocked up by a large scybala; and beyond it there was a great accumulation of fæces; spleen very small; right kidney weighed only six drachms; left seven ounces and a half; liver extremely small weighing only two pounds, six drachms; it lay across the epigastrium and adhered by a preternatural membrane to the diaphragm on the left side; mesentery wasted.] 5. _Vascularity, &c. with Softening of the Brain._ CASE XLVII. SARAH HAMPDEN, æt. 50. No account to be obtained of history of disease, but it is stated that this is the 22d day of her fever: at present mind quite fatuous; some uneasiness of chest; cough; abdomen not tender; tongue red and dry; pulse 99. 24th. Subsultus; urine in bed; no stool. 26th. Mind rather more distinct and more firm; less subsultus; submaxillary gland enlarged and painful; pulse 108. 28th. Much prostration; no other change. 30th. Increasing prostration; pulse 120, feeble. 32d. Died. _Head._ Dura mater vascular and thickened; arachnoid white and opake; substance of brain slightly vascular, but very soft; pituitary gland suppurating; all the ventricles distended with serum. _Thorax._ [Universal adhesion of the pleuræ; lungs studded with tubercles.] _Abdomen._ Mucous membrane of small intestines inflamed; no ulceration; pancreas very hard; liver much softened. CASE XLVIII. VIRGINA M’MAHON, æt. 8, admitted on 14th day of scarlet fever. No account can be obtained of previous history; mind quite confused; extreme restlessness; abdomen tender; tongue very red and sore; tarsi red and irritable. 15th. Delirium; moaning; no sleep; more sensible to-day; abdomen less tender; pulse extremely quick and weak. 18th. Without any material change, died. _Head._ Arachnoid opake; effusion between it and the pia mater; substance of brain exceedingly soft; two ounces of serum in the ventricles. _Thorax._ Mucous membrane of trachea and bronchi vascular; bronchial tubes filled with mucus. _Abdomen._ Mucous membrane of small intestines vascular; mesenteric glands enlarged. CASE XLIX.