Of the particular groups of symptoms which have been brought together
under the great class, continued fever, it is impossible to discover any
kind of principle which has led to the formation of the distinct
assemblages that have been made, or to their nomenclature when thus
collected. Synocha, typhus, synochus, are the three genera which modern
nosology, in the power and pride of its strength, has put forth as at
once distinctive and exhaustive of this class of disease. The aggregate
phenomena constituting synocha, form just that particular series which
is common to some forms of fever and to all acute inflammations: namely,
“Calor plurimum auctus, pulsus frequens, validus, et durus, urina rubra,
sensorii functiones parum turbatæ.” The train of symptoms thus brought
together do not alone form any variety of fever. The second group of
symptoms forming typhus—“morbus contagiosus, calor parum auctus, pulsus
parvus, debilis, plerumque frequens, urina parum mutata, sensorii
functiones plurimum turbatæ, vires multum imminutæ:” and the third,
forming synochus,—“morbus contagiosus, febris ex synocha et typho
composita; initio synocha, progressu, et versus finem, typhus,”
independently of their being brought together and named according to no
known or even assigned principle, are liable to the further and the
fatal objection, that they do not even occur in nature.
Even Dr. Wilson Philip, who labours to reconcile to nature and to
improve in accuracy and comprehensiveness these classifications and
definitions, expressly admits that a simple synocha or typhus is a fever
which we rarely, if ever meet with: for that however high the
inflammatory symptoms at an early period may be, those of typhus always,
at least in this country, sooner or later supervene; and that however
well marked the symptoms of typhus may be in the progress of fever, in
almost every case, the first symptoms are more or less inflammatory;
that the fevers mentioned by authors, under the names synochus and
typhus, are in fact no other than varieties of the synochus; that when
the symptoms of debility predominate, the fever has been termed typhus;
that when, on the contrary, the inflammatory symptoms are most
remarkable, and present through the greater part of the disease, it has
been called synocha.[19]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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