ANTIDOTE.--Give the vegetable acids diluted, as weak vinegar, acetic, citric, or tartaric acids dissolved in water. Castor oil, linseed oil, and sweet oil may also be used; they form soaps when mixed with the free alkalies, which they thus render harmless. The poisonous effects of saltpetre must be counteracted by taking mucilaginous drinks freely, so as to produce vomiting. ALCOHOL.--_Brandy_, _wine_; _all spirituous liquors_. ANTIDOTE.--Give as an emetic ground mustard or tartar emetic. If the patient cannot swallow, introduce a stomach pump; pour cold water on the head. GASES.--_Chlorine_, _carbonic acid gas_, _carbonic oxide_, _fumes of burning charcoal_, _sulphuretted hydrogen_, _illuminating or coal-gas_. ANTIDOTE.--For poisoning by chlorine, inhale, cautiously, ammonia (hartshorn). For the other gases, cold water should be poured upon the head, and stimulants cautiously administered; artificial respiration. (See _Marshall Hall's Ready Method_, page 250.) METALS.--_Antimony_, _tartar emetic_, _wine of antimony_, etc. ANTIDOTE.--If vomiting has not occurred, it should be produced by tickling the throat with the finger or a feather, and the abundant use of warm water. Astringent infusions, such as common tea, oak bark, and solution of tannin, act as antidotes. ARSENIC.--_White arsenic_, _Fowler's solution_, _fly-powder_, _cobalt_, _Paris green_, etc. ANTIDOTE.--Produce vomiting at once with a tablespoonful or two of powdered mustard in a glass of warm water, or with ipecac. The antidote is hydrated peroxide of iron. If Fowler's solution has been taken, lime-water must be given. {249} COPPER.--_Acetate of copper_ (verdigris), _sulphate of copper_ (blue vitriol), food cooked in dirty _copper vessels_, or pickles made green by _copper_. ANTIDOTE.--Milk or white of eggs, with mucilaginous drinks (flaxseed tea, etc.), should be freely given. IRON.--_Sulphate of iron_ (copperas), etc. ANTIDOTE.--Carbonate of soda in some mucilaginous drink, or in water, is an excellent antidote. LEAD.--_Acetate of lead_ (sugar of lead), _carbonate of lead_ (white lead), water kept in _leaden pipes_ or _vessels_, food cooked in _vessels_ glazed with _lead_. ANTIDOTE.--Induce vomiting with ground mustard or common salt in warm water. The antidote for soluble preparations of lead is Epsom salts; for the insoluble forms, sulphuric acid largely diluted. MERCURY.--_Bichloride of mercury_ (corrosive sublimate), _ammoniated mercury_ (white precipitate), _red oxide of mercury_ (red precipitate), _red sulphuret of mercury_ (vermilion). ANTIDOTE.--The white of eggs, or wheat flour beaten up with water and milk, are the best antidotes. SILVER.--_Nitrate of silver_ (lunar caustic). ANTIDOTE.--Give a teaspoonful of common salt in a tumbler of water. It decomposes the salts of silver and destroys their activity. ZINC.--_Sulphate of zinc_, etc. (white vitriol).