112 Studien über Russland, vol. i. p. 87. 113 Simocatta, _apud_ Basnage, p. 1332. 114 This reform, accomplished in the reign of Alexius, father of Peter the Great, consisted chiefly in the correction of the text of the Slavonic Scriptures and liturgical books, which had been greatly disfigured by the ignorance of successive copyists, and in the prohibition of some superstitious practices, which had usurped an important part in the divine service of the Russian Church. These wise reforms produced, however, a violent opposition, and several millions separated from the established church, and are known, though divided into many sects, under the general appellation of _Raskolniks_, _i.e._, schismatics, whilst they call themselves _Starovertzi_, or those of the old faith, and designate the established church by the name of the Niconian heresy. 115 Leveque, Histoire de Russie revue, par Malte Brun et Depping, tom. iv. p. 131. 116 The title of this book is “Das Merk würdige Jahr Meines Lebens”—“The Memorable Year of my Life.” It has been, I believe, translated into English. 117 A civil grade equal to that of a captain in the army. 118 The author observes in a note that, in former times, a petty ecclesiastical prince, the Archbishop of Cologne, could conceive and partly execute the gigantic plan of the Cologne minster, and that in the present time, though the whole of Germany had undertaken to build the remainder of it, her people would have abandoned this project long ago, if it were not supported by the kings. He ought, however, I think, to confine his remarks to Germany, because there are certainly more places of worship built by voluntary contributions in England than in Russia. 119 Studien über Russland, vol. i. p. 91. 120 Studien über Russland, vol. i. p. 93. 121 Leveque, Histoire de Russie, vol. iv., p. 133. 122 London: Longman & Co. 1854. 123 The title of this curious production is, “An Appeal on the Eastern Question to the Senatus Academicus of the Royal College of Edinburgh. By a Russian, Quondam Civis Bibliothecæ Edinensis.” Edinburgh: Thomas C. Jack, 92 Princes Street. London: Hamilton, Adams, & Co. 1854. 124 Letter xxxvi., at the end. _ 125 Vide supra_, p. 184.