passes at once into the fourth stomach, there being no reason why it should be returned. [3] See Figs. 2 and 3, Plate I. with their references. The intestinal canal is long, commencing at the pylorus or lower opening of the stomach, and averaging from ninety to one hundred feet. There are but few enlargements in the great intestines. The fat, like that of all ruminating animals, becomes, on cooling, hard and brittle. (22.) _Period of Conception._--In this climate, ewes fed on good pastures admit the ram in August; but September or October is the time when such would occur if left to nature. They go with young five months, and in warm climates bring forth thrice a-year; but in Britain, France, and most of Europe, they do so only once. They give milk for seven or eight months; live ten or twelve years; and if well managed, are capable of bringing forth during life, though generally useless for that process after the seventh or eighth year. The ram lives from twelve to fourteen years, though instances are recorded of their enduring till twenty, and becomes unfit for propagating at eight. (23.) _Names applied to Sheep._--The age of sheep is never dated from the time that they are dropped, as that would be attended with many inconveniences, but from the time that they are first subjected to the shears, by which means the first year includes a period of at least fifteen or sixteen months. The following is a condensed arrangement of the names by which sheep are designated at different periods of their existence, in various parts of England and Scotland:-- _From Birth till Weaning._ MALE. FEMALE. Tup, Ram lamb, Heeder, Pur. | Ewe or Gimmer lamb, Chilver. _From Weaning till first Clip._ Hog, Hogget, Hoggerel, Teg. | Gimmer hog, Ewe hog, Teg, Lamb hog, Tup hog, Gridling, | Sheeder ewe, Thrave. and, if castrated, a Wether | hog. | _From first to second Clip._ Shearling, Shear hog, Heeder, | Shearing ewe or gimmer, Diamond or Dinmont ram, or | Double-toothed ewe or tup, and, when castrated, a | Teg, Yill gimmer. Shearing wether. | _From second till third Clip._ Two shear ram, young wedder. | Two shear ewe, Counter. _From third till fourth Clip._ Three shear ram, old wedder. | Three shear ewe, Fronter. And so on, the name always taking its date from the time of shearing. Broken-mouthed ewes are called _crones_ in Suffolk and Norfolk; _kroks_, or _crocks_, in Scotland; and _drapes_ in Lincolnshire. In Scotland, ewes which are neither with lamb, nor giving milk, are said to be _eild_, or _yield_. CHAPTER II. WOOL.