We have already stated that the chemical processes have failed with the exception of Bethell’s process of oil of tar, generally known as the creosoting process. This method, _when properly carried out_, thoroughly protects wood from the ravages of the _teredo_ and other marine worms. The breakwaters and piers at Leith, Holyhead, Portland, Lowestoft, Great Grimsby, Plymouth, Wisbeach, Southampton, &c., have been built with creosoted timber, and in no case have the _Teredo navalis_, _Limnoria terebrans_, or any other marine worms or insects been found to attack these works, as certified to by the engineers in whose charge the several works are placed. In the cases of Lowestoft and Southampton we are enabled to give the detailed reports. A most searching examination, lasting many days, was made in 1849, upon every pile in Lowestoft Harbour, by direction of Mr. Bidder; and the report of Mr. Makinson, the Superintendent of Lowestoft Harbour Works, contains the subjoined statement: “The following is the result, after a close and minute investigation of all the piles in the North and South Piers. “_North Pier._--The whole of the creosoted piles in the North Pier, both seaward and inside the harbour, nine hundred in number, are sound, and quite free from _teredo_ and _limnoria_. “_South Pier._--The whole of the creosoted piles in the South Pier, both seaward and inside the harbour, seven hundred in number, are sound, and quite free from _teredo_ and _limnoria_. “There is no instance whatever of an uncreosoted pile being sound. They are all attacked, both by the _limnoria_ and the _teredo_, to a very great extent, and the piles in some instances are eaten through. All the creosoted piles are quite sound, being neither touched by the _teredo_ or the _limnoria_, though covered with vegetation, which generally attracts the _teredo_.” There was only one instance of a piece of creosoted wood, in Lowestoft Harbour, being touched by a worm, and that was occasioned by the workmen having cut away a great part of one of the cross heads, leaving exposed the interior or heart of the wood, to which the creosote had not penetrated. At this spot a worm entered, and bored to the right, where it found creosote; on turning back and boring to the left, but finding creosote all around, its progress was stopped, and it then appeared to have left the piece of wood altogether.