[48] Guevara, ‘Historia del Paraguay’ (printed in ‘La Coleccion de Angelis’, Buenos Aires, 1836), book vi., p. 108, says of Alvar Nuñez: ‘Merecia estatua por su rectitud, justicia y Christiandad.’ And in another place Guevara says: ‘La Florida lo cautivó con inhumanidad; La Asuncion lo aprisionó con infamia; pero en una y otro parte fue ejemplar de moderacion . . . recto, prudente y de sano corazon.’ Alvar Nuñez died holding the office of ‘Oidor de la Audiencia de Sevilla’, according to P. del Techo (‘Historia del Paraguay’); or as a member of the Consejo de Indias, according to Charlevoix. [49] Acquaviva was General of the Order at this time; he was a man of marked ability and great energy. [50] Before this date the Jesuits in Paraguay had been under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Bishops of Peru. [51] Paranapané = the White Paraná, or, according to others, the Paraná without fish. [52] Reduction (_reduccion_) was the Spanish name for a missionary establishment. [53] Some of the Spanish writers refer to Filds as Padre Tom Filds. His real name was Fields, and he was a Scotchman. [54] The Paulistas were the inhabitants of the Portuguese (now Brazilian) town of São Paulo. Azara, who hated the Jesuits (his brother, Don Nicolas de Azara, having been concerned in their expulsion), says that fear of the Paulistas contributed to the success of the Jesuits with the Indians. Dean Funes (‘Historia del Paraguay’, etc.) says just as reasonably that it was fear of the Spanish settlers. [55] There was, however, a royal Order (_cedula real_) which applied to all America, which especially prohibited Spaniards from living in the Indian towns, and, moreover, provided that even for purposes of trade no Spaniard should remain for more than three days in an Indian town. [56] ‘Histoire Politique et Philosophique des Indes’, vol. i., p. 289 (Genève, 1780). [57] Cretineau Joly, ‘Histoire Religieuse, Politique et Littéraire de la Compagnie de Jésus’, vol. iii., cap. v., p. 322 (Paris, 1846). [58] ‘Historia General de los hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano’, decad. v., lib. iv., cap. xl. [59] ‘Historia General de los hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y tierra firme del Mar Oceano’, decad. v., lib. x., cap. lxxx. [60] ‘Inventarios de los bienes hallados á la Expulsion de los Jesuitas’ (Madrid, 1872). [61] The Franciscans had already five or six settlements. [62] The word in Brazil is used to designate a half-breed, but the etymology seems unknown. [63] ‘Me he de salvar a pesar de Dios, porque para salvarse el hombre no ha menester mas que creer’ (Ruiz Montoya, ‘Conquista Espiritual’). Montoya adds with a touch of humour quite in Cervantes’ vein: ‘Este, sabe ya por experiencia la falsedad de su doctrina, porque le mataron de tres balazos, sin confesion.’