A voyage to Spitzbergen: containing an account of that country, of the zoology of the North; of the Shetland Islands; and of the whale fisheryLaing, John (Surgeon)
History
A voyage to Spitzbergen: containing an account of that country, of the zoology of the North; of the Shetland Islands; and of the whale fishery
Laing, John (Surgeon)
Animals -- Arctic regions; Shetland (Scotland) -- Description and travel; Svalbard (Norway) -- Description and travel; Whaling
There is another in Fetlar, (one of the most remote of the Shetland
Isles,) in the form of a Roman Camp, having in the middle a rectangular
area surrounded by a wall, and that by an earthen rampart of the same
figure. Vid. Plate, _Pen. Arct. Zool._ vol. i. p. 33.
Druidical circles of stones are also common here.
There have also been found swords made of the bones of large fish,
flint heads of arrows, flint hatchets, &c.
In the Island of Unst are two curious sepulchral circles. The largest
consist of three concentric circles, its greatest being fifty feet in
diameter. The outermost circle is formed of small stones, the other two
of earth. Through all these is a single narrow entrance to a _tumulus_
which stands in the centre.
The other circle is considerably less, and has only two rings made of
earth.
An extensive burying-place has also been discovered in the Isle of
Westra, by the violence of the winds blowing away the sands which
covered the bodies twenty feet below the surface of the earth. Near
this are a great many graves, discovered only by a few short upright
stones set in the level sand.
Among the human bones have been found those of oxen, horses, dogs, and
sheep; as also battle-axes, different kinds of swords, brazen daggers,
knives, spoons, cups, curious stones, beads, &c. At one time there was
found a thigh bone closely encircled by a ring of gold. Pen. _Arct.
Zool._ vol. i. p. 36.
In the more early stages of society, this custom of burying weapons,
and the rude symbols of worship along with the dead, was perhaps every
where practised. The Catacombs of Egypt, and the Tumuli of Peru, abound
with relics of this description. The following verses of Virgil allude
to the same ceremony:
“Some in the flames,[3] the wheels and bridles throw,
The swords and helmets of the vanquish’d foe;
Some the known shields their brethren bore in vain,
And unsuccessful jav’lins of the slain.”
PITT’S _Virg._ lib. I. xi. 266.
[3] The funeral piles.
It has been long since observed, that the two extremes of heat and
cold are alike unfavourable to the growth of such animals as may be
considered indigenous to the temperate zone. Excessive heat in the
one case induces relaxation; while the contrary extreme diminishes
the vital principle, and stunts the growth of the animal. The animals
common to Britain are, in the Shetland Isles, of a greatly reduced
size. Their horses, familiar to us by the name of shelties, are very
numerous, and seldom more than nine or ten hands high. They are
covered with long hair, and are remarkably strong, spirited, and not
unhandsome. They are chiefly used for carrying home peats, and never
receive any food but what they gather from the scanty herbage of the
ground. Neither are they ever put into a house, so that many of them
die in the winter.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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