Russia -- History -- Revolution, 1905-1907; Russia -- Politics and government -- 1894-1917; Russia -- Social conditions -- 1801-1917
The strike is over, although I believe some revolutionaries are still
holding out in a factory near the Zoological Gardens. The shops are
open, the electric light is shining on the hard, snowy, ice-cold
streets, and life is going on, in the Russian expression, in its old
rut. I suppose the first question which will present itself to people
abroad anxious for information is: What did it all amount to? The second
question: What is the result of it? The third is possibly: What do the
people in Moscow, the inhabitant, the man in the street, think of it?
Practically, it did not amount to very much; a general strike was
proclaimed which was to take place all over Russia with the object of
obtaining universal suffrage. The strike was not universal. It was
closely followed by an armed rising of the revolutionary party in Moscow
with the object of arresting the Governor-General and establishing a
temporary Government. It resulted in complete and utter failure; and
this seems to point to one of two things: either that the revolutionary
party is less well organised than we supposed it to be, or that it
wrongly gauged popular feeling and no longer found such strong support
in public opinion as it did before. If it be judged by its recent action
it cannot be said to have given proof of any good organisation, since it
was obviously a mistake to foment a movement among the military—using
economic needs and demands as a weapon—a week before the strike began.
The economic demands were made by the soldiers, and satisfied
immediately, and their mutiny ceased. It is nonsense to pretend that the
soldiers have any revolutionary tendencies, and the revolutionaries made
a great mistake in trying to undermine their belief in the Emperor. The
same thing holds good as regards the peasants; and only yesterday a
person with ultra-Radical convictions said to me: “The peasant, if he is
hungry, can easily be made to loot and burn; but if he is replete he
will send anybody who talks politics to him to the devil, and if any one
attacks the Emperor before him he will tear him to pieces; possibly in
twenty or thirty years things will be different and he will be an
enlightened man; at present he is not, and there is no use in not facing
the fact. The revolutionaries have made a cardinal error in attacking
the peasants’ and the soldiers’ only ideal—call it ideal, idol, or what
you like.” Therefore I say that in this case the behaviour of the
revolutionaries showed neither insight nor statesmanship nor good
organisation. It is possible, of course, that the strike may have been
brought about, as I wrote before, by the workmen forcing the leaders’
hands, being unwilling to starve for a month but ready to rise in arms
and fight for several days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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