Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalismBurroughs, John
Philosophy
Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalism
Burroughs, John
Natural history; Natural history -- Philosophy; Philosophy; Science
Man avails himself of all possible aids. His voluntary conquests of
nature are many and are constantly increasing, but his involuntary
dependencies upon her are many also. He did not launch himself into
this world, and he did not give his body, with all its wonderful
organs and powers, the shape it has, or elect to breathe or see or
hear or breed or eat or sleep. Something else determined all these
things for him. What is that something else? Our fathers called it
God; we call it Nature, because we live in a scientific and not in a
theological age. We are pantheistic and not theistic. Our gods are
everywhere, in everything created. Our minds are no longer hampered
by the idea of a maker and a thing made, a ruler or a governor and a
thing ruled or governed. The unity of Nature and God is a conception
fostered by science. We are compelled to adjust our minds to the idea
of a causeless universe, to a universe without beginning and without
ending, without a maker or a designer.
Our conception of cause and effect, or beginning and ending,
applies only on the surface of the earth; where currents and
counter-currents, action and reaction and interaction, are in
perpetual see-saw; where every body rests upon some other body, and
every cause has its antecedent cause; where we can live only by
dealing with parts and fragments, and by separating one thing from
another. The astronomic laws and conditions, or our conceptions of
them, are thrown into confusion the moment we try to apply them in
our practical mundane lives. In vain we try to abolish friction
and achieve perpetual motion, but the heavenly bodies move without
friction, and move forever and ever. Motion is the prime condition
of the universe. It is the condition or necessity we are under in
this world, on the surface of this planet, that sets us on the
quest of final causes and gives rise to our conceptions of the made
and the maker, the good and the bad, the end and the beginning. We
cannot say that we are watched over by the gods--our personification
of the universal mind that pervades nature--nor that we are not
watched over by them, because that were to use the language of our
surface existence. All we can say is that we are a part of the
cosmos, fragments of the total scheme of things, and share its laws
and conditions, and that the more perfectly we adjust the nature
within us to the nature without us, the better we fare. With the
Infinite there is no time and no space, only an everlasting here, an
everlasting now.
Yet how can puny man interpret the universe or say aught of it in
terms of his mundane experiences?
VI. OUR IMPARTIAL MOTHER
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