Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalismBurroughs, John
Philosophy
Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalism
Burroughs, John
Natural history; Natural history -- Philosophy; Philosophy; Science
With Nature, as I have so often said, our standards of good and
evil apply to us alone, and they change with the changing years.
The naturalist sees that pain and delay and defeat are the price
of development; that the world is imperfect, and man is imperfect,
because growth and development are the law of nature; that there is
always a higher level, and always will be, which we realize only when
we look back. A perfect world, as we use the term, would mean the end
of all development.
VI. THE ETERNAL
How much is in a name! When we call the power back of all God,
it smells of creeds and systems, of superstition, intolerance,
persecution; but when we call it Nature, it smells of spring and
summer, of green fields and blooming groves, of birds and flowers and
sky and stars. I admit that it smells of tornadoes and earthquakes,
of jungles and wildernesses, of disease and death, too, but these
things make it all the more real to us.
The word “God” has so long stood for the conception of a being who
sits apart from Nature, who shapes and rules it as its maker and
governor. It is part of the conception of a dual or plural universe,
God and Nature. This offends my sense of the oneness of creation.
It seems to me that there is no other adequate solution of the total
problem of life and Nature than what is called “pantheism,” which
identifies mind and matter, finite and Infinite, and sees in all
these diverse manifestations one absolute being. As Emerson truly
says, pantheism does not belittle God, it magnifies him. God becomes
the one and only ultimate fact that fills the universe and from which
we can no more be estranged than we can be estranged from gravitation.
The moment we seek to interpret the Eternal in terms of our own
psychology, we get into trouble. We cannot measure the Infinite by
the standards of the finite. Our economies, our methods, our aims are
not those of Nature. God, in the sense in which I use the term, does
not plan and design and adapt means to ends as does man. God is no
more the maker than He is the thing made. How natural for us to think
that the air was made for us to breathe, the water for us to drink,
the light for us to see, and the earth for us to inhabit! But these
things are older than we are. I have seen a pumpkin growing in the
fence and fitting exactly into the niche amid the rails, but was not
the fence there before it was?
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