Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalismBurroughs, John
Philosophy
Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalism
Burroughs, John
Natural history; Natural history -- Philosophy; Philosophy; Science
In death the elements of the body are not changed--oxygen is still
oxygen, carbon still carbon. What has happened, then? Can it be
explained by saying that a process has been reversed? Does it bear
any true analogy to the redistribution of type after the printer
has set it up and printed his book? The type is the same, but the
relation of all the units has been changed. The printer has arranged
them so that collectively they expressed to him certain meanings or
ideas. These ideas did not exist in the type, but in the order of
its arrangement. In one order or combination the letters meant one
thing; in another order or combination they expressed quite another.
The same type will spell dog or God. When redistributed and returned
to the different fonts, the letters express nothing but themselves.
If this is a true analogy, then, in the case of the living book, man,
what stands for the compositor and printer? We can only call the
compositor the organizing impulse; but whence this impulse, and whose
idea is it trying to express? The redistribution of the elements of
the body is done through the activity of other forms of life--the
micro-organisms--those minute forms reduce the body to its original
elements. As we thus have life at the end of the life of an organism,
do we also have life at the beginning of the organism? Ancestral life
certainly, or the primordial germ; but is there a living principle
back of and before all? Does the logic of the situation force us to
the belief in an original Creator? The human mind is so constituted
that in some form or under definite concepts, we have to postulate a
first or primal Cause; we have to think of a beginning; but is there
any beginning to a circle, or any center to the surface of a sphere?
There may be no beginning or no limit in time or space to the cosmos.
This is unthinkable to us in our present state. Yet in making that
statement I am thinking of the unthinkable. We can deal only with
parts of Nature; as a whole it is beyond our power to grasp. All
bodies on the earth’s surface unsupported fall; this is our universal
experience. All moving bodies come to a standstill unless power from
without is constantly supplied. Perpetual motion is impossible, but
the earth and the other planets are unsupported, and their motion is
perpetual. Or we may say that they fall forever toward the sun and
never reach it, and that the sun falls forever toward some other
sun or system and never reaches it. The laws of force and matter as
we contend with them in our experiences are inoperative in sidereal
space; there is motion without friction, energy without waste,
dissipation without exhaustion. Neither upper nor under, neither
falling nor rising, neither end nor beginning. Cause and effect,
rest and motion, are one. The self-activity of the universe quite
transcends our experiences; the self-maintenance of living bodies
is far beyond our reach; any end to the chain of causal sequence is
quite unthinkable to us.
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