Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalismBurroughs, John
Philosophy
Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalism
Burroughs, John
Natural history; Natural history -- Philosophy; Philosophy; Science
When I look forth upon the world and see how, regardless of man and
his well-being, the operations of Nature go on--how the winds and
the storms wreck him or destroy him, how the drought or the floods
bring to naught his industries, how not the least force in heaven or
earth turns aside for him, or makes any exception to him; in short,
how all forms of life are perpetually ground between the upper and
the nether millstones of the contending and clashing natural material
forces, I ask myself: “Is there nothing, then, under the sun, or
beyond the sun, that has a stake in our well-being? Is life purely
a game of chance, and is it all luck that we are here in a world so
richly endowed to meet all our requirements?” Serene Reason answers:
“No, it is not luck as in a lottery. It is the good fortune of the
whole. It was inherent in the constitution of the whole, and it
continues because of its adaptability; life is here because it fits
itself into the scheme of things; it is flexible and compromising.”
We find the world good to be in because we are adapted to it, and
not it to us. The vegetable growth upon the rocks where the sea is
forever pounding is a type of life; the waves favor its development.
Life takes advantage of turbulence as well as of quietude, of drought
as well as of floods, of deserts as well as of marshes, of the
sea-bottom as well as of the mountain-tops. Both animal and vegetable
life trim their sails to the forces that beat upon them. The image
of the sail is a good one. Life avails itself of the half-contrary
winds; it captures and imprisons their push in its sails; by yielding
a little, it makes headway in the teeth of the gale; it gives and
takes; without struggle, without opposition, life would not be life.
The sands of the shore do not struggle with the waves, nor the waves
with the sands; the buffeting ends where it began. But trees struggle
with the wind, fish struggle with the flood, man struggles with his
environment; all draw energy from the forces that oppose them. Life
gains as it spends; its waste is an investment. Not so with purely
material bodies. They are like the clock, they must be perpetually
wound from without. A living body is a clock, perpetually self-wound
from within.
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