Various bones, generally pieces of the head of the oxen kind, have been found in all parts of Europe and in Asia, having the same character which distinguishes the one from which this cast was made, in the form and direction of the horn; it descends backwards, and then rising, points forwards. There are several specimens of these in the British Museum, but none so large as this. A few years since some large bones, of an uncommon kind, were found in a cave in Virginia, highly preserved by lying in earth abounding with nitre. They were sent to the Philosophical Society, and an account of them published in the fourth volume of their Transactions: By permission of the Society, I have made accurate casts of them. Hence it appears that four animals of enormous magnitude have formerly existed in America, perhaps at the same time, and of natures very opposite: _1st_, The Mammoth, carnivorous; _2d_, An animal whose graminivorous teeth, larger than, and different from, those of the elephant, are sometimes found; _3d_, The great Indian bull; and, _4th_, An animal probably of the sloth kind, as appears on comparison with the bones found in Virginia, and a skeleton found in South America, and preserved in the Museum at Madrid. Mr. Jefferson, on the Mammoth bones, says, “To whatever animal we ascribe these remains, it is certain such a one has existed in America, and that it has been the largest of all terrestrial beings. It should have sufficed to have rescued the earth it inhabited and the atmosphere it breathed, from the imputation of impotence in the conception and nourishment of animal life on a large scale; to have stifled in its birth, the opinion of a writer[4], the most learned too of all others in the science of animal history, that, in the new world, ‘_La nature vivante est beaucoup moins agissante, beaucoup moins forte_:’ That nature is less active, less energetic on one side of the globe than she is on the other.” [Footnote 4: Buffon.] It was my intention to have closed this account with Dr. Dunter’s essay, whose accuracy in the examination, and knowledge in the discrimination of those few bones which were within his reach, had already given to his opinion the weight of unquestionable authority; but as his paper was somewhat long, and as the facts since he wrote are more numerous, and subject in the skeleton which we have, to the examination of every one; I shall only introduce his concluding sentence, that, “If this animal was indeed carnivorous, which I believe cannot be doubted, though we may as philosophers regret it, as men we cannot but thank Heaven that its whole generation is probably extinct.” DIMENSIONS OF THE SKELETON. Ft. Inch.