The true date seems to be 1749. In a letter of May 4th of that year, Comte de Jony wrote that the “Chaouanons, because of the antipathy of most of the other nations to them, had decided to separate into two bands.... The latter band, after ascending a part of the river of the Cherokis [Tennessee] decided to go and join the Creeks.” _Wis. His. Col._ XVIII. It is to this band that Adair refers, probably. The Shawnees, after a stay in Pennsylvania, had settlements on Scioto River in the Ohio Country. They were known as “gypsies of the forest,” and a wandering band is referred to by Adair. Prior to 1700 the Chickasaws and the Shawnees had as allies fought the Illinois Indians. Shea, _Early Mississippi Voyages_, 60, 66, 120. Lawson (1709) describes them as formerly living on the waters of the Mississippi, “and removed thence to the head of one of the rivers of South Carolina” (the Savannah). _History of North Carolina_, 100. For generations, from their stronghold on the Scioto, they made war on the Overhill Cherokees, with only brief intervals of peace. On the Shawnees, see: Haywood, _History of Tennessee_, 426; Hanna, _The Wilderness Trail_, II, 240; Thwaites, _Jesuit Relations_, XL, 145; Margry, _Decouvertes_, III, 589; Schoolcraft, _Historical Information ... Indian Tribes_, IV, 256; Swanton, _Early History of the Creeks_, 317, 415; Loskiel, _History of the Mission of the United Brethren Among the Indians_, pt. ch. 10, and Mooney’s _Myths of the Cherokees_, 494. Footnote 2: p. 7 _post_. Footnote 3: Since a newborn infant of Indian parentage is of varying degrees of dusky red, Adair’s argument is that the color was produced by exposure and the use of cosmetics by previous generations; not that each individual is born white and later takes on a copper color. Footnote 4: Speaking of the Indians of the Mississippi River region, John Lawson in his _History of North Carolina_ (1710) says, p. 133: “They are the hardiest of all Indians, and run so fast that they are never taken; neither do any Indians outrun them if they are pursued.” See also, Williams, _Memoirs of Lieut. Henry Timberlake_, 79. Footnote 5: Schoolcraft says the hair of Indians is invariably cylindrical in structure; that of Caucasians oval. Footnote 6: Confirmation: Schoolcraft, _Historical Information_, II 322; Cushman, _History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians_ (1899), 204. Cushman says, however, that the Choctaws and Chickasaws of unmixed blood have no hair on any part of the body except the head and, on the chins of males, a bare patch of beard. Footnote 7: Compare the account of Wm. Bartram in _Travels_ (1793), p. 499; of Du Pratz in _History of Louisiana_, (1763) II, 231, and of Lawson, _History of Carolina_ (1712) p. 190. Footnote 8: