This question presents itself:--is there any relationship between improvement in physical well-being as revealed in weight, and improvement in intelligence? If, as has been supposed, adenoids and diseased tonsils cause mental retardation indirectly through physical deprivation, it would seem as though greater improvement in intelligence after operation should accompany greater improvement in weight, and smaller intelligence gain should accompany slighter gain in weight. In order to determine whether this was true for our cases, improvement in I.Q. was correlated with gain in weight, for the test group. The order of merit method was used, and the formula [Rho] = 1 - ((6 [Sum] D_n) /( n(n squared-1))) where f = 2 sin ([Pi]/6)[Rho]. The resulting value of r was -.10 with unreliability of .226, calculated by the formula [Sigma]t.r - obt.r = (1.05(1-r squared)) / [sqrt]n. There is therefore no correlation between improvement in intelligence and gain in weight. TABLE IX Improvement in I.Q., 28 Pairs N[16] Test Group (A) Control Group (B) Test 1 Test 2 Gain Test 1 Test 2 Gain A-B 27 110 109 -1 72 96 24 -25 20 106 102 -4 118 131 13 -17 8 91 86 -5 98 104 6 -11 24 131 124 -7 89 92 3 -10 21 64 67 3 86 97 11 -8 3 94 91 -3 82 85 3 -6 12 98 95 -3 98 101 3 -6 23 85 94 9 81 96 15 -6 11 103 100 -3 101 102 1 -4 15 97 94 -3 78 79 1 -4 18 98 98 0 90 94 4 -4 4 96 96 0 83 85 2 -2 26 80 76 -4 90 88 -2 -2 16 65 73 8 74 82 8 0 28 81 84 3 95 98 3 0 5 95 99 4 114 117 3 1 2 107 114 7 91 96 5 2 10 110 109 -1 104 100 -4 3 17 71 77 6 96 99 3 3 7 91 99 8 95 99 4 4 1 82 83 1 80 76 -4 5 6 95 101 6 88 89 1 5 19 96 101 5 98 98 0 5 9 83 93 10 87 90 3 7 25 77 76 -1 145 137 -8 7 13 70 78 8 66 64 -2 10 22 91 100 9 63 62 -1 10 14 96 107 11 140 137 3 14