Exempt Children Non-exempt Children Normal Defective Normal Defective 9th St. Primary 56 28 39 38 Rutledge School 87 35 75 34 Allison School 128 65 81 49 Camac School 183 71 103 75 Claghorn School 193 61 127 66 --- --- --- --- 647 260 425 262 Percentage Defective 28.8 38.1 When the four classes of bright and dull children were examined again, and the different sorts of defects compared for the groups, enlarged tonsils, adenoids, deafness, and nasal catarrh, were found to occur much more frequently among the two classes of duller children. Class 1 Class 15 Class 9 Class 11 Bright Children Dull Dullest Number of children 50 39 32 29 Nose and throat conditions, number defective 6 4 9 9 _Tonsils_ _3_ _4_ _3_ _3_ _Adenoids_ _2_ _1_ _5_ _6_ Deaf 2 5 1 Catarrh 2 3 Percentage of children, nose and throat defects 12 10.2 28.1 31 During the same year, another examination along the same lines was conducted in the William McKinley Primary School,[8] where a large number of dull children had been grouped in special classes. [8]: Cornell, Psychological Clinic, 2, 1909. None of these children were mentally defective, says Dr. Cornell, and only a few were really backward. The proportion of physical defect was found to be very large,--in 174 pupils, 188 physical defects (68 eye-strain, 40 nasal obstruction, 80 miscellaneous, 11 hypertrophied tonsils.) In a special class at the Wharton school, numbering 22 children, 14 of the children suffered from adenoids, associated in 3 cases with enlarged tonsils. Since no comparison is made with normal classes, this survey cannot be regarded as conclusive. Wallin, in his book, "Mental Health of the School Child," discusses several other investigations of the relation of intelligence to physical defect. Only those studies in which were included adenoids and tonsil conditions will be reviewed here. Those by Ayres and Cornell have been described above. In Elmira, New York, says Wallin, "an investigation of repeaters in the second grade showed that 21 per cent of those who required three years and 40 per cent of those who required four years to complete the grade had adenoids, as against only 19 per cent of those who required only two years to do the grade."