In each jaw there are six relatively small incisor teeth; and, on each side of these, a large projecting canine, by which the flesh is torn from the body of the prey (Fig. 14). The premolars and the first of the true molars (the carnassials[2]) are strongly compressed, and have a cutting crown; their outer surface is completely covered with hard enamel. As the lower jaw is smaller than the upper jaw, and is only able to move up and down, not from side to side, the sharp crowns of the premolars, and especially those of the large carnassials, cut along one another, and divide anything coming between them as if with shears. The small molars which are usually found behind the carnassials have broad tuberculated crowns. The temporal (_i.e._ chewing) muscles are strongly developed, the general result of which is that the head is broad. The claws are very sharp in some of the families. The Carnivora are powerful animals, move very quickly, and are endowed with keen smell and sight. Footnote 2: The upper carnassials = last premolars. The lower „ = first molars.—TR. The wild Carnivora living in Britain belong to the families of cats, dogs, and weasels. Family: =Felidæ= (_Cat Family_). Typical Carnivora with very large canines and carnassials, two premolars in each half of each jaw, one of the upper molars, but none of the lower ones, small and tuberculated. Tongue rough. Fore and hind feet five-toed. When not in use, the claws are drawn back (retracted). The Felidæ are digitigrade. Backbone very flexible, and with free power of movement. The Felidæ are bloodthirsty, nocturnal animals, many of which climb well, and spring upon their prey. The group is specially exemplified by the =Domestic Cat=, the parent stock of which is the Nubian cat (_Felis maniculata_), a native of Nubia and the Soudan. The =Wild Cat= (_Felis catus_) is larger than the common kind, and has a thicker tail. Formerly it was tolerably common in Britain, but now only occurs in a few thinly populated districts. [Illustration: FIG. 14.—Skull of Domestic Cat. ] The =Lynx= (_Felis Lynx_), found at one time in Germany, still lives in the Carpathians, and in Switzerland, but occurs more commonly in Scandinavia, Denmark, and Russia. Family: =Canidæ= (_Dog Family_). Head longer than in cats; canines and carnassials relatively less developed. Two tuberculated molars on each side of each jaw. Claws not so sharp as those of cats, and cannot be drawn back (_i.e._ are nonretractile). Fore-foot five, hind-foot four toes. Tongue smooth. The various races of the =Domestic Dog= belong here. The wolf (_Canis lupus_) is no longer an inhabitant of Britain or Germany, but sometimes crosses the German frontier from Russia, Galicia, Hungary, the Alps, and the Ardennes, especially in winter, and preys upon the larger domestic animals. The remaining example is—