The =Cloudy Tortoise Beetle= (_Cassida nebulosa_)—Fig. 83. One-fifth to one-fourth of an inch long; the broad neck-shield projects in front over the small head. The wing-covers, too, are much broader than the body of the animal; they are longitudinally ribbed. Dorsal side reddish brown, in young individuals greenish; always with black spots. Ventral side black. Larva elongated oval, yellowish green. Segments of the body beset with thorn-like structures bearing lateral branches; the last segment possesses a “tail-fork,” which the larva usually carries bent over its back and on which it heaps up its dung. The beetles which have survived the winter usually attack in spring only wild goose-foot and orach plants, on which they lay their eggs in heaps. The larvæ quickly appear, and to begin with chiefly keep to the under sides of the leaves. They are sluggish, grow quickly, and devour the leaf substance; when fully developed they cement themselves to a leaf and become pupæ. In June the beetles of the second generation appear, which again lay their eggs on the leaves. In favourable weather there may be even a third generation. In many it happens that the beetles of the second generation migrate to beet or mangold plants, sometimes damaging them to a very great extent. _Remedy_: Rooting out species of goose-foot or orach. The =Earth Fleas=, or =Flea Beetles=, are all small leaf beetles with the power of springing, and therefore provided with thick thighs. Here belong:— [Illustration: FIG. 84.—The Rape Flea Beetle (2) with hind-leg of the same; larva (1) and its head. ]