Finally the Gosport system of training aviators was adopted by the British and the American armies because it permitted the training of tens of thousands of fliers at the same time. The principles taught were the same as those enumerated above. The system, however, reduces the time spent on each operation to the minimum, specifying the number of hours to be spent on each step in the course. Here is a sample of the outline of the training under that system: STANDARD OF TRAINING PART 1. PILOTS—FLYING WINGS 1. _Ground Instruction._ 1. Buzzing and Panneau 2. Artillery Observation 3. Gunnery 4. Aerial Navigation 5. Engine Running 6. Photography 7. Bombing and Camera Obscura 8. Air Force Knowledge 9. Engines and Rigging, Workshops Course 10. Drill and P. T. 2. _Air Tests._ 1. Flying Instruction 2. Formation Flying 3. Cross Country 4. Reconnaissance 5. Photography 6. Bombing (Camera Obscura) 7. Ring Sights and Camera Gun 8. Altitude Test and Cloud Flying 9. Aerial Navigation 3. _Appendices._ A Flying Instruction B Formation Flying C Cross Country D Bombing E Wireless F Gunnery G Ring Sights and Camera Gun H Aerial Navigation I Photography To insure a certain amount of continuous practice the following minimum times will be spent on ground subjects. It must be realized, however, that efficiency, and not time spent, is the ultimate passing standard. Buzzing and Panneau 30 hours Artillery Observation 20” Gunnery 60” Aerial Navigation 20” Engine Running 3” Photography 2” Bombing and Camera Obscura 1 hour Engines and Rigging 12 hours (Workshops Course) Military Knowledge 3” Lectures will be given covering— (1) All questions on above subjects. (2) Practical wireless covering knowledge useful to a pilot. (3) All ground signals as given on new Artillery Observation card, 40-W.O.-2584. Thus every step in the education of the flier was provided for and thus the United States turned out over 10,000 aviators. CHAPTER V AEROPLANE DEVELOPMENT, 1903 TO 1918 ADER’S EXPERIMENTS—MAXIM’S MULTIPLANE—DUMONT’S AEROPLANE—WRIGHTS’ 1908 PLANE—VOISIN PUSHER—BLERIOT’S MONOPLANE—AVRO TRIPLANE—FARMAN’S AILERONS—OTHER TYPES Although the Wright brothers made their first flight in a heavier-than-air machine in December, 1903, it was not until September 15, 1904, that Orville Wright, flying the Wright biplane, succeeded in making the first turn, September 25 before they made the first circle, and October 4, 1905, before they managed to stay in the air for over half an hour. Moreover, it was not until 1908 that they made their first public flights.