The salient features of the machine are the backward slope of the
planes, which, in plan view, form an angle with the apex in the
direction of flight, and the absence of a tail or supplementary
planes of any description. The following are its chief
dimensions:--Span, 46 feet; length (fore and aft), from apex to
rear wing tip, 20 feet 4½ inches; length of body, 19 feet; surface,
500 square feet; weight (including pilot and six gallons of
petrol), 1,700 lb.; engine, four-cylinder 50–60 h.p. Green, 1,100
r.p.m., driving twin propellers placed one on either side of the
body in the rear.
The weight in flight being 1,700 lb., the aëroplane carries a load
of about 3 lb. per square foot. The speed in flight averages about
40 m.p.h.
The chord of the surfaces is even throughout--6 feet; the vertical
distance between the surfaces is also constant at 6 feet; at
either extremity a vertical curtain is placed between the surfaces
to prevent leakage of air sideways. The surfaces slope back from
the apex at an angle of 58° on either side, the rear wing tips,
therefore, actually being in the rear of the aft end of the body,
and the entire outer extremities of the wings lying back well
behind the centre of gravity.
The curve or camber of the planes is not uniform, and, briefly,
it may be said that each wing may be viewed as a portion of the
surface of a cone with the apex to the rear. A consequence of this
is that the angle of incidence of each wing gradually decreases
from the root to the tip; so much so, that while the angle at
the root is positive, that at the tip is distinctly negative,
the difference in the respective angles being 45°. Apart from
this, an interesting feature is the extreme downward bend of the
_trailing_ edges over a short distance where the two surfaces
meet in the centre; this arrangement has been adopted chiefly
to enable the aëroplane to right itself naturally in the event
of its having assumed a vertical position in the air. A further
interesting consideration is that this machine is the only one
that could safely be forced backwards. It may be added, briefly,
that the loss in efficiency arising from the negative angle of the
wing-tips is compensated by the backward slope and angle of the
surfaces, which naturally causes the flow of air to be depleted
outwardly beneath the planes, and even induces a certain amount of
compression beneath the outer ends. The body is entirely covered
in; the pilot’s seat is in the prow; the motor further to the rear.
The centre of gravity is well forward, and about six inches above
the lower plane. The propellers are carried on a transverse girder,
and are chain-driven in the same direction--contra-clockwise
viewed from the rear. The centre of the boss is situated 1 foot
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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