INDEX 391 ILLUSTRATIONS ALBERT GALLATIN _Frontispiece_ From the original painting by Gilbert Stuart, in the possession of Frederic W. Stevens, Esq., New York, N. Y. Autograph from the Chamberlain collection, Boston Public Library. The vignette of "Friendship Hill," Mr. Gallatin's home at New Geneva, Pa., is from a photograph. Page ROBERT GOODLOE HARPER _facing_ 98 From a painting by St. Memin, in the possession of Harper's granddaughter, Mrs. William C. Pennington, Baltimore, Md. Autograph from a MS. in the New York Public Library, Lenox Building. ALEXANDER J. DALLAS _facing_ 236 From the original painting by Gilbert Stuart, in the possession of Mrs. W. H. Emory, Washington, D. C. Autograph from the Chamberlain collection, Boston Public Library. JAMES A. BAYARD _facing_ 312 From a painting by Wertmueller, owned by the late Thomas F. Bayard, Wilmington, Del. Autograph from the Chamberlain collection, Boston Public Library. ALBERT GALLATIN CHAPTER I EARLY LIFE Of all European-born citizens who have risen to fame in the political service of the United States, Albert Gallatin is the most distinguished. His merit in legislation, administration, and diplomacy is generally recognized, and he is venerated by men of science on both continents. Not, however, until the publication of his writings was the extent of his influence upon the political life and growth of the country other than a vague tradition. Independence and nationality were achieved by the Revolution, in which he bore a slight and unimportant part; his place in history is not, therefore, among the founders of the Republic, but foremost in the rank of those early American statesmen, to whom it fell to interpret and administer the organic laws which the founders declared and the people ratified in the Constitution of the United States. A study of his life shows that, from the time of the peace until his death, his influence, either by direct action or indirect counsel, may be traced through the history of the country.