TABLE SHOWING THE PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS Pages 106, 107 ALCHEMY: ANCIENT AND MODERN CHAPTER I THE MEANING OF ALCHEMY The Aim of Alchemy. § =1.= Alchemy is generally understood to have been that art whose end was the transmutation of the so-called base metals into gold by means of an ill-defined something called the Philosopher’s Stone; but even from a purely physical standpoint, this is a somewhat superficial view. Alchemy was both a philosophy and an experimental science, and the transmutation of the metals was its end only in that this would give the final proof of the alchemistic hypotheses; in other words, Alchemy, considered from the physical standpoint, was the attempt to demonstrate experimentally on the material plane the validity of a certain philosophical view of the Cosmos. We see the genuine scientific spirit in the saying of one of the alchemists: “Would to God . . . all men might become adepts in our Art--for then gold, the great idol of mankind, would lose its value, and we should prize it only for its scientific teaching.”[6] Unfortunately, however, not many alchemists came up to this ideal; and for the majority of them, Alchemy did mean merely the possibility of making gold cheaply and gaining untold wealth. [6] “EIRENÆUS PHILALETHES”: _An Open Entrance to the Closed Palace of the King_ (see _The Hermetic Museum, Restored and Enlarged_, edited by A. E. Waite, 1893, vol. ii. p. 178). The Transcendental Theory of Alchemy.