At the same time, they encouraged the Negro churches and looked with favor upon laboring men and washerwomen using their hard earned savings to erect costly churches. Why did they look cross-eyed at and frown at the higher education of the Negro, which they said made him impractical, while they smiled and looked with satisfaction at his religion, which they didn't take seriously, but regarded as a dope? Why did they emphasize education and minimize religion for white men, and on the other hand minimize education and emphasize religion for black men? Why did they set up Yale and Harvard Universities as the white's ideal of education and Hampton and Tuskegee as the colored man's ideal? These Bourbons of the south and their northern sympathizers had a definite propaganda and programme regarding the Negro. Their plan was to reduce the colored race to a race of hewers of wood and drawers of water, to disfranchise the Negro, run him out of Congress and lucrative political jobs in the south, to jim-crow him and segregate him. They knew that religion would act as a narcotic and opiate and that it would keep his eyes and mind centered upon the golden streets, jeweled pavements, sapphire walls and white-robed angels of the New Jerusalem, while they were robbing him of the civil and political rights which were won on the battlefields of the Civil War and guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. They knew that to educate him would be to open his eyes, to cause him to think and to prevent his being camouflaged. They knew that to educate him would be to make him dissatisfied with his lot at the bottom of the ladder. They knew that to educate him would introduce the leaven of divine discontent into his being. They knew that to educate him would cause him to aspire to something higher than hard labor or menial service. They knew that to educate him would cause him to know that robbing him of the ballot was reducing him to a pariah in American life and society and making him a political outcast. They knew that to educate the Negro would cause him to know that when he was being jim-crowed and segregated, a caste system based on the color of the skin was being established in America. In a word, those Americans who desired to rob the Negro of the fruits of the Civil War and to reduce him as far as possible to his previous status as a slave, knew that to educate the Negro was to open his eyes to the fact that the restrictions which they were trying to impose upon him were giving him a social, civil, political and economic status which was lower than that of the illiterate emigrant from Europe, lower than that of the Japanese, Chinese, Hindoo, Indian and Filipino. In a word, they knew that to educate the Negro would open his eyes to the fact that the color of his skin was a mark of shame and a badge of dishonor and that a caste prejudice based upon color, was contrary to the spirit of Christianity and