The Inflowing Tide 18 Ellis Island Immigration Station 34 Receiving Room at Ellis Island 59 Detained for Special Examination 74 An Appeal from the Special Inquiry Board to Commissioner Watchorn 94 The Landing at the Battery in New York 102 A German Family 128 Italian and Swiss Girls 144 A Group of Twelve Different Nationalities 166 Three Types of Immigrants 180 A Group of Immigrants Just Arrived at Ellis Island 198 An Italian Family Crowded in a New York Tenement 210 Four Nationalities 236 Portuguese and Spanish Children 256 An Italian Sunday School in New England 283 _Sketch Maps and Charts_ Immigration at the Port of New York for 1906 32 Immigrant Distribution by States for 1905 106 Immigrant Distribution by Races: Scandinavian 108 Canadian and British 109 Irish 114 Germanic 115 French and Iberic 146 Slavic 171 Changes in Sources of Immigration Causing Increase of Illiteracy 125 Countries from which the Slavs Come 161 Distribution of Slavs in the United States 163 Wave of Immigration for Eighty-seven Years 308 Colored Chart of Races of Immigrants for 1905 End PREFACE It is not a question as to whether the aliens will come. They have come, millions of them; they are now coming, at the rate of a million a year. They come from every clime, country, and condition; and they are of every sort: good, bad, and indifferent, literate and illiterate, virtuous and vicious, ambitious and aimless, strong and weak, skilled and unskilled, married and single, old and young, Christian and infidel, Jew and pagan. They form to-day the raw material of the American citizenship of to-morrow. What they will be and do then depends largely upon what our American Protestant Christianity does for them now.