How coffee and coffee drinking have been celebrated in painting, engraving, sculpture, caricature, lithography, and music--Epics, rhapsodies, and cantatas in praise of coffee--Beautiful specimens of the art of the potter and the silversmith as shown in the coffee service of various periods in the world's history--Some historical relics Page 587 CHAPTER XXXIV THE EVOLUTION OF COFFEE APPARATUS Showing the development of coffee-roasting, coffee-grinding, coffee-making, and coffee-serving devices from the earliest time to the present day--The original coffee grinder, the first coffee roaster, and the first coffee pot--The original French drip pot, the De Belloy percolator--Count Rumford's improvement--How the commercial coffee roaster was developed--The evolution of filtration devices--The old Carter "pull-out" roaster--Trade customs in New York and St. Louis in the sixties and seventies--The story of the evolution of the Burns roaster--How the gas roaster was developed in France, Great Britain, and the United States Page 615 CHAPTER XXXV WORLD'S COFFEE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS How coffee is roasted, prepared, and served in all the leading civilized countries--The Arabian coffee ceremony--The present-day coffee houses of Turkey--Twentieth century improvements in Europe and the United States Page 655 CHAPTER XXXVI PREPARATION OF THE UNIVERSAL BEVERAGE The evolution of grinding and brewing methods--Coffee was first a food, then a wine, a medicine, a devotional refreshment, a confection, and finally a beverage--Brewing by boiling, infusion, percolation, and filtration--Coffee making in Europe in the nineteenth century--Early coffee making in the United States--Latest developments in better coffee making--Various aspects of scientific coffee brewing--Advice to coffee lovers on how to buy coffee, and how to make it in perfection Page 693 A COFFEE CHRONOLOGY Giving dates and events of historical interest in legend, travel, literature, cultivation, plantation treatment, trading, and in the preparation and use of coffee from the earliest time to the present Page 725 A COFFEE BIBLIOGRAPHY A list of references gathered from the principal general and scientific libraries--Arranged in alphabetic order of topics Page 738 INDEX Page 769 [Illustration] ILLUSTRATIONS _Color Plates_ _Facing page_ Coffee branches, flowers, and fruit (painted by Blendon Campbell) _Frontispiece_ v _Coffea arabica_; leaves, flowers, and fruit (painted by M.E. Eaton) 1 The coffee tree bears fruit, leaf, and blossom at the same time 16