Granting that by _bunchum_ Rhazes meant coffee, the plant and the drink must have been known to his immediate followers; and this, indeed, seems to be indicated by similar references in the writings of Avicenna (Ibn Sina), the Mohammedan physician and philosopher, who lived from 980 to 1037 A.D. Rhazes, in the quaint language of Dufour, assures us that "_bunchum_ (coffee) is hot and dry and very good for the stomach." Avicenna explains the medicinal properties and uses of the coffee bean (_bon_ or _bunn_), which he, also, calls _bunchum_, after this fashion: As to the choice thereof, that of a lemon color, light, and of a good smell, is the best; the white and the heavy is naught. It is hot and dry in the first degree, and, according to others, cold in the first degree. It fortifies the members, it cleans the skin, and dries up the humidities that are under it, and gives an excellent smell to all the body. The early Arabians called the bean and the tree that bore it, _bunn_; the drink, _bunchum_. A. Galland[25] (1646-1715), the French Orientalist who first analyzed and translated from the Arabic the Abd-al-Kadir manuscript[26], the oldest document extant telling of the origin of coffee, observes that Avicenna speaks of the _bunn_, or coffee; as do also Prospero Alpini and Veslingius (Vesling). Bengiazlah, another great physician, contemporary with Avicenna, likewise mentions coffee; by which, says Galland, one may see that we are indebted to physicians for the discovery of coffee, as well as of sugar, tea, and chocolate. Rauwolf[27] (d. 1596), German physician and botanist, and the first European to mention coffee, who became acquainted with the beverage in Aleppo in 1573, telling how the drink was prepared by the Turks, says: In this same water they take a fruit called _Bunnu_, which in its bigness, shape, and color is almost like unto a bayberry, with two thin shells surrounded, which, as they informed me, are brought from the _Indies_; but as these in themselves are, and have within them, two yellowish grains in two distinct cells, and besides, being they agree in their virtue, figure, looks, and name with the _Bunchum_ of Avicenna and _Bunco_, of _Rasis ad Almans_ exactly: therefore I take them to be the same. In Dr. Edward Pocoke's translation (Oxford, 1659) of _The Nature of the Drink Kauhi, or Coffee, and the Berry of which it is Made, Described by an Arabian Phisitian_, we read: