Aromatic herbs mostly with 4-sided stems and simple opposite leaves; flowers irregular, perfect, clustered, the inflorescence typically cymose; calyx persistent, 5-toothed or lobed; corolla with a short or long tube, the limb 4—5-lobed, mostly 2-lipped, but some regular; stamens borne on the corolla tube, typically 4. Calyx with a protuberance on the upper side. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper arched, tube long, blue. =Scutellaria.= Calyx without a protuberance on the upper side. Corolla tube longer than the calyx; flower 2-lipped purple. =Prunella.= Corolla tube not longer than the calyx; flower 2-lipped, pink. =Stachys.= Corolla tube shorter than the calyx; nearly regular, 4-lobed. =Mentha.= [Sidenote: =Scutellaria galericulata= L. _Marsh Skullcap._] Perennial by slender stolons, leafy; stem erect, usually branched, 1—2 feet high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, thin, short petioled or the upper sessile, acute at the apex, dentate with low teeth or the upper entire, subcordate or rounded at the base, 1—2½ inches long, the uppermost usually much smaller. Flowers an inch long, bright blue with a slender tube and slightly enlarged throat, solitary in the axils of the leaves, on peduncles shorter than the calyx. In swamps and wet places, frequent along the railway from Field west to Beavermouth. [Sidenote: =Prunella vulgaris= L. _Heal-all, Self-heal._] Hairy or nearly smooth; stems slender, creeping or ascending, or erect, usually simple but sometimes considerably branched, 2 inches to 2 feet high. Leaves ovate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute at the apex, usually narrowed at the base, thin, entire or crenate, 1—4 inches long. Flowers in dense terminal spikes ½—1 inch long, becoming 2—4 inches in fruit; corolla violet-purple, or sometimes pink or white, ¼—½ an inch long, twice as long as the purplish-green calyx. Common throughout the region in moist, open or shaded places at the lower altitudes, frequently forming clumps of considerable size; flowering throughout the summer. [Sidenote: =Stachys palustris= L. _Marsh Woundwort._] Erect, usually slender, simple or somewhat branched, hairy throughout; 1—4 feet high. Leaves lanceolate, sessile or very short petioled, acuminate or acute at the apex, wedge-shaped or cordate at the base, 2—5 inches long, ½—1 inch wide, crenulate or dentate, flowers clustered, forming an elongated, interrupted spike, or sometimes in the axils of the upper leaves, 6—10 in a whorl; calyx hairy, its slender teeth more than ½ the length of the tube; corolla deep pink spotted with purple, ½—¾ of an inch long, the upper lip erect, hairy, the lower spreading 3-cleft.