Rootstock creeping, rather slender for the size of the plant; stems tufted, 6—10 inches long; straw-colored, brownish or reddish, with scattered brown scales which are large and numerous at the broadened base; leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, pinnæ lanceolate, acuminate, 4—8 inches long; pinnules lanceolate, incised or serrate, sori short, the indusia straight or variously curved. In moist woods and thickets throughout the region but especially in the Selkirks, being a common fern in the woods in the vicinity of Glacier. [Sidenote: =Polystichum Lonchitis= (L.) Roth. _Holly Fern._] Rootstock short, stout, and densely chaffy; stems 1—5 inches long, bearing large dark brown scales, with some smaller ones; leaves rigid, leathery, and evergreen, narrowly lanceolate in outline, once pinnate; pinnæ broadly lanceolate, scythe-shaped, 1—2 inches long, acute or acuminate at the apex, with an ear-like projection on the upper side at the base, and with a nearly straight edge on the lower, densely spiny-toothed; sori large, nearer the margin than the midrib. In large tufts among rocks throughout the region. [Sidenote: =Dryopteris Filix-mas= (L.) Schott. _Male Fern._] Rootstock stout, ascending, or erect, chaffy; stems 4—6 inches long, very chaffy below; leaves broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, slightly narrowed at the base, 1—3 feet long, rather firm, half evergreen, pinnate or partly 2-pinnate; pinnæ lanceolate, broadest at the base, gradually acuminate, 3—6 inches long, pinnatifid almost to the rachis, or pinnately divided into oblong, smooth lobes; sori large, borne near the margin, more numerous on the lower halves of the segments. In rocky woods in the Selkirks on the lower slopes of Mt. Macdonald. [Sidenote: =Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata= (Hoffm.) Underw. _Spinulose Shield Fern._] Rootstock stout, chaffy; stems 6—18 inches long, bearing large brown scales with dark centres; leaves broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, commonly 3-pinnate; pinnules lanceolate oblong, the lowest often much elongated; sori medium size; indusium smooth. In moist woods through the Selkirks, probably the most abundant fern in the vicinity of Glacier. [Sidenote: =Dryopteris oreopteris= (Sw.) Maxon.] Rootstock short, erect or decumbent, scaly; stems light straw-colored, 2—6 inches long, tufted, copiously scaly throughout, with light brown scales; leaves 1½—2 feet long, rather firm, broadly lanceolate, gradually tapering from near the middle to both ends; pinnæ 2—3 inches long, deeply pinnatifid, gradually shorter to the lowest which are more distant, broadly triangular, and less than an inch long; segments flat, oblong, and nearly entire; rachis straw-colored, densely scaly with light brown scales, nearly to the apex. In the Selkirks on the moist mountain slopes and rocky ravines at Glacier. [Sidenote: =Woodsia scopulina= D. C. Eaton. _Rocky Mountain Woodsia._]