Stems erect, mostly simple, 1—2 feet high, from horizontal running rootstocks. Leaves, the lower ones small, obovate; upper, oval to oblong, 1—2 inches long, often obscurely lobed and doubly serrate above the middle, smooth throughout, dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers white or tinged with pink in a large flat branching terminal corymb. Abundant throughout the region on hillsides and dry banks; flowering during July. [Illustration: Rubus pedatus Smith. (⅔ Nat.) Creeping Raspberry.] [Sidenote: =Aruncus Aruncus= (L.) Karst. _Goat’s-Beard._] Smooth throughout, stem erect, somewhat branched, 2—4 feet high. Leaves long-petioled, 2—3 pinnate, leaflets 1—3 inches long, ovate or lanceolate, thin, acuminate or acute at the apex, rounded or slightly heart-shaped at the base, doubly serrate or incised. Flowers small, white, in an elongated spike. Frequent along streams throughout the Selkirks; flowering during June and July. [Sidenote: =Rubus pedatus= Smith. _Creeping Raspberry._] Stems slender, trailing, 1—3 feet long, unarmed, rooting at the nodes, pubescent. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets obovate, cuneate at the base, ¾—1 inch long incised, lateral leaflets often parted to the base, smooth or sparingly hairy. Flowers usually solitary, on long slender pedicels, white or rosy, ⅛ of an inch or more broad; sepals ovate-lanceolate, entire or incised, exceeding the petals; berry of 1—6 large red, juicy drupelets. Frequent throughout the region in cold damp woods, forming masses of considerable size; flowering during June. [Sidenote: =Rubus arcticus= L. _Arctic Raspberry._] Stem low, herbaceous, unarmed, finely hairy, 3—10 inches high, sometimes leafless below. Leaves 3-foliate, leaflets sessile or short-stalked, rhombic-ovate or obovate, coarsely and unequally serrate or slightly lobed, ¾—1 inch long. Flowers solitary or occasionally 2, slender peduncled; petals obovate, pink, ½—1 inch long; sepals acute, equalling or shorter than the petals, reflexed; berry light red, fragrant and edible. In cold mossy thickets and swamps throughout the region, the first flowers appearing in May and early June when the stems are but a few inches high, with the leaves hardly unfolded; in midsummer it frequently flowers again from branched stems 8—10 inches high and appearing like a different plant. [Sidenote: =Rubus Americanus= (Pers.) Britton. _Dwarf Raspberry._] Stems herbaceous, trailing or ascending, unarmed, 6—18 inches or more long, somewhat hairy. Leaves petioled, 3-foliate or rarely 5-foliate leaflets rhombic-ovate, smooth or nearly so, acute, the lateral ones mostly rounded, terminal, wedge-shaped at the base, all sharply serrate. Flowers 1—3 on a slender glandular-hairy peduncle, ½ an inch or less broad; petals 5—7, white, spatulate-oblong, erect, rather longer than the acuminate calyx lobes; fruit red-purple, half an inch long. In cold moist woods and swampy places throughout the region; flowering in May and June.