Some very interesting special cases of endoplasmic streaming are
observed during the process of feeding. As is well known, amebas capture
their food by the protoplasm flowing around it and engulfing it. If the
object is large the protoplasm may flow around it, in contact with it,
so that the shape of the object determines the direction in which the
enveloping protoplasm flows. If the object is small, particularly if it
is a live organism, the behavior of the ameba is quite different (Kepner
and Taliaferro, ’13, Schaeffer, ’16). To capture such a food object a
cup of protoplasm is gradually formed over it so as to imprison it
(Figure 2). If the food organism lies against some flat object, the food
cup is brought down to the surface of the object all around, thus making
escape impossible, before the protoplasm comes into contact with the
food organism. Schaeffer (’16, ’18) by experimental methods has shown
that the stimulus calling forth the formation of food cups as just
described, is the mechanical vibration of the water. At least the same
response was produced on the part
[Illustration: Figure 2. Endoplasmic streaming involved in the formation
of a typical food cup. _a_, the ameba is shown moving toward a live food
organism that is resting quietly on the bottom. _b_, the main pseudopod
forks, being the first indication that the feeding process has set in.
At _c_ the pseudopods have half-way surrounded the prey, but without
having come into contact with it. At _d_ the upper sheet of protoplasm,
_f_, (stippled), is flowing dome-like over the prey, while the
pseudopods continue to surround it. At _e_ the pseudopods have met and
fused with each other and the upper sheet of protoplasm has completely
covered the space encircled by the pseudopods, and has fused with the
pseudopods. _g_, sheets of protoplasm which are thrown out along the
_lower_ surface _under_ the prey, to form a floor to the food cup. Up to
stage _e_ the ameba has not come into physical contact with the prey,
but is just about to do so. With the completion of the floor of the food
cup, the process of feeding is completed.]
of the ameba when the ameba was carefully stimulated by means of very
fine clean glass needles. The conclusion is unavoidable therefore that
the shape of the food cup and the method of its formation is a racial
characteristic and is hereditary. The streaming endoplasm therefore,
upon suitable stimulation, takes on a definite form, that of a food cup.
This indicates again that the endoplasm is something more than the
ordinary fluids of physics, for out of an apparently structureless
fluid, organization is effected.
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