The ingestion of a large food mass produces usually a marked change in
streaming. A more or less spherical form is assumed, and if the food
mass be a live organism such as a large ciliate, the ameba frequently
remains quiet for a considerable interval. If a large amount of food is
eaten, as for example a dozen or two colpidia, the ameba may suspend
concerted streaming for an hour or more. During this time small
pseudopods are projected here and there, but there is no locomotion. But
if an ameba eats large masses of carmine, there is usually no pause
following ingestion, and the same thing is true when the ameba is
induced to eat bits of glass and other indigestible substances. It
follows therefore that the interrupted streaming of the endoplasm due to
feeding is not caused by the act of ingestion as such, but rather by the
onset and continuance of the normal digestive processes on a large
scale. These reactions are again strikingly similar to what is observed
in many vertebrates, in which a more or less definite body sense, whose
sense organs are in the splanchnic region, is supposed to be involved;
but what the explanation of similar behavior in ameba is, is not at all
clear.
Another factor of great importance in endoplasmic streaming is the
nucleus. It was observed by Hofer (’90) that amebas lacking nuclei did
not move in a coordinated manner. Štolc (’10) however records a number
of observations in which characteristic movement was observed in
enucleate amebas ten or more days after the enucleate ameba had been cut
off from a normal ameba. Hofer’s amebas died after nine or ten days,
while Štolc’s remained alive, some of them for over thirty days.
Recently Willis (’16) confirmed Hofer’s findings, but does not discuss
Štolc’s results.
The cutting of an ameba into two pieces, one with and the other without
a nucleus, is a very simple operation. It is also very easy to observe
that within an hour or so the enucleate ameba does not move normally,
and that there is no concerted endoplasmic streaming while the nucleate
ameba seems to behave normally. But Štolc’s contention that enucleate
amebas move characteristically (l. c., p. 159, 160, 167) is not
necessarily contradicted by these observations, for Štolc’s observations
refer to amebas that lived much longer than the enucleate amebas of
Hofer and of Willis. Even if an enucleate ameba is able to recover,
after many days, its power of concerted movement, there can be no doubt
that enucleate amebas do not move characteristically for a short time
after the operation, and that this effect is due to the lack of a
nucleus.
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