The behavior of large and heavy particles on the surface of a drop of
fluid and on an ameba are similar. A heavy particle as of sand, or a
small glass rod, laid on the ameba, is not moved by the surface layer.
It forms an island of surface matter around which the moving surface
layer flows. Precisely the same thing happens in surface layer movements
in inanimate fluids.
Again in point of thinness there is no disagreement so far as
microscopic observation goes. Neither the surface film on an ameba nor
the surface film on a fluid can be directly observed microscopically to
be different from the fluid below it. The surface layer is, as is
generally believed, of molecular dimensions, and its thickness is beyond
the limits of vision. Unless some special means is discovered therefore
for making visible the surface film, such as a process of staining, it
may be impossible to ascertain its ultimate structure directly, for it
overlies a mass of heterogeneous fluid whose composition is constantly
changing.
It seems to follow from what is observed of the surface tension layers
of the fluids of physics that such layers must be of the same
constitution as the body of the fluid over which the layer is formed,
although, as is well known, the proportion of the ingredients in the
surface layer is different from that in the body of the fluid. Now since
the resemblance between the surface layer of an ameba and a surface
layer on a drop of fluid has thus far been found to be complete, it is
pertinent at this point to discuss Gruber’s (’12) suggestion that the
movement of particles forward on an ameba is due to the forward movement
of an inert layer of mucus or gelatinous material secreted by the ameba.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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