It is generally recognized that Dellinger’s (’06) work proved that
Jennings’ conception of the ectoplasm as a permanent skin in which the
ameba rolls along, is probably inadequate for such amebas as _proteus_;
though singularly enough it is still supposed that _verrucosa_ and its
congeners move in the way described by Jennings (Hyman, ’17, p. 83).
Jennings (’04) describes the movements of amebas, both _proteus_ and
_verrucosa_ “types,” as follows:
“In an advancing Amoeba substance flows forward on the upper surface,
rolls over at the anterior edge, coming into contact with the
substratum, then remaining quiet until the body of the ameba has passed
over it. It then moves upward at the posterior end, and forward again on
the upper surface, continuing in rotation as long as the ameba continues
to progress. The motion of the upper surface is congruent with that of
the endosarc, the two forming a single stream (p. 148).
“We have demonstrated above, for Amoeba at least, that the forward
movement is not confined to a thin outer layer, but extends from the
outer surface to the endosarc; in other words that the outer surface
moves in continuity with the internal substance (p. 150).
“There is no regular transformation of endosarc into ectosarc at the
anterior end. On the contrary the ectosarc here retains its continuity
unbroken, moving across the anterior end in the same manner as across
other parts of the body. In the same way the ectosarc is not regularly
transformed into endosarc in the hinder part of the body.... Such
transformation is by no means a regular accompaniment of locomotion” (p.
174).
According to Jennings, locomotion is aided by the projection of waves of
hyaloplasm at the anterior edge, “an active movement of the protoplasm
of a sort which has not been physically explained.” These waves,
attaching themselves to the substratum, enable the ameba to pull itself
along by a rolling movement as described in the quotation above.
As to the rate of movement of the outer surface as compared with that of
the endoplasm, Jennings concluded:
“The direction of movement of particles on the outer surface is the same
as that of the underlying particles of endosarc. The rate is also about
the same as for the endosarc, though often, or perhaps usually, the
outer particles move a little more slowly than those in the endosarc”
(p. 142).
In view of the observations recorded in the preceding pages it is clear
that Jennings’ statement that substance after moving forward on the
upper surface, rolls over the anterior edge is quite erroneous. The
attached particles, if heavy, may do so, but the surface film itself
does not. It is, on the contrary, taken into the interior at the
anterior edge.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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