The Welsh name for London is _Llundain_. It was Latinized into _Lundinum_, and Anglicized into Lundon or London. Its etymology is from _llyn_, a pool or lake, and _Dain_ or _Tain_ for _Thames_ (the sound of _d_ being like that of _t_): hence, a pool or lake on the Thames. The low flat on the east side of London, known as "The Isle of Dogs," now a part of the mainland, was at one time flooded by the Thames; and hence the name of _Llundain_, or _Thames Lake_. Liverpool came from _Flowing Pool_; that is, the tide flowed in and out. _Avon_ is the generic Welsh name for river: hence Avon-Clyde, Avon-Conwy, Avon-Stratford. Cumberland stands for Cymbri-land; Northumberland for North Cymbri-land. _Aber_ is the mouth of a river, Anglicized into _harbor_: hence there is Aber-Conway, Aberdeen. There is scarcely a river, mountain, or lake in England or in Scotland the etymology of which is not found in the Welsh language at the present day. The ancient British language, physique, skull, hair, eyes, and flexure of pronunciation still preponderate in England, notwithstanding the incessant boasts of the Saxon, who was a barbarous savage when he arrived, and who did not exhibit a single instance of knowledge and learning until after he had come in contact with the Cymric race. With a view to tracing the migrations of this race throughout Europe, observe the ancient geographical terms, with their strong physical traits. Caucasus is derived from the two Welsh words _cau_, to shut up, to fence in, and _cas_, separated, insulated. This mountain-chain has borne this name from the earliest human records; and how expressive of their position and character, to inclose Europe from Asia! The Caspian Sea means, when derived, _cas_, separated, and _pen_, head; literally, a sea with a head or source, but insulated and without an outlet. Any one familiar with this body of water can understand the force of the words. Crimea comes from the Welsh word _crymu_ (pronounced kri´me, the _c_ being sounded as _k_, and the _u_ as _e_), which means to bend or curve; literally, a circular peninsula. The Crimea was the Gwlad yr Haf (summer land) of the Cymry. Alps is derived from _al_, grand, sublime, and _pen_, head,--a sublime head. Armorica comes from _ar-y-môr_, upon the sea.