The following definitions will also aid the spectator in understanding many of the expressions used by the devotees of the sport: A _drop-kick_ is made by letting the ball fall from the hands, and kicking it at the very instant it rises. A _place-kick_ is made by kicking the ball after it has been placed on the ground. A _punt_ is made by letting the ball fall from the hands, and kicking it before it touches the ground. _Kick-off_ is a place-kick from the centre of the field of play. _Kick-out_ is a drop-kick, or place-kick, by a player of the side which has touched the ball down in their own goal, or into whose touch-in-goal the ball has gone. _In touch_ means out of bounds. A _fair_ is putting the ball in play, from touch. A _foul_ is any violation of a rule. A _touch-down_ is made when the ball is carried, kicked, or passed across the goal-line and there held, either in goal or touch-in-goal. A _safety_ is made when a player, guarding his goal, receives the ball from a player of his own side, and touches it down behind his goal-line, or carries the ball across his own goal-line and touches it down, or puts the ball into his own touch-in-goal. A _touch-back_ is made when a player touches the ball to the ground behind his own goal, the impetus which sent the ball across the line having been received from an opponent. A _fair catch_ is a catch made direct from a kick by one of the opponents, provided the catcher made a mark with his heel at the spot where he made the catch. _Interference_ is using the hands or arms in any way to obstruct or hold a player who has not the ball. [Illustration] The _penalty_ for fouls and violation of rules, except otherwise provided, is a down for the other side; or, if the side making the foul has not the ball, five yards to the opponents. The following is the value of each point in the scoring: Goal obtained by touch-down, 6 Goal from field kick, 5 Touch-down failing goal, 4 Safety by opponents, 2 The rules which bear most directly upon the play are: The time of a game is an hour and a half, each side playing forty-five minutes from each goal. There is ten minutes' intermission between the two halves, and the game is decided by the score of even halves. The ball is kicked off at the beginning of each half; and whenever a goal has been obtained, the side which has lost it shall kick off. A player may throw or pass the ball in any direction except towards opponents' goal. If the ball be batted or thrown forward, it shall go down on the spot to opponents.