[2] There is no precise agreement as to what should be included in the group of hard pines in the United States, but the following twenty-two are usually placed in that class: Longleaf Pine (_Pinus palustris_), Shortleaf Pine (_Pinus echinata_), Loblolly Pine (_Pinus tæda_), Cuban Pine (_Pinus heterophylla_), Norway Pine (_Pinus resinosa_), Western Yellow Pine (_Pinus ponderosa_), Chihuahua Pine (_Pinus chihuahuana_), Arizona Pine (_Pinus arizonica_), Pitch Pine (_Pinus rigida_), Pond Pine (_Pinus serotina_), Spruce Pine (_Pinus glabra_), Monterey Pine (_Pinus radiata_), Knobcone Pine (_Pinus attenuata_), Gray Pine (_Pinus sabiniana_), Coulter Pine (_Pinus coulteri_), Lodgepole Pine (_Pinus contorta_), Jack Pine (_Pinus divaricata_), Scrub Pine (_Pinus virginiana_), Sand Pine (_Pinus clausa_), Table Mountain Pine (_Pinus pungens_), California Swamp Pine (_Pinus muricata_), Torry Pine (_Pinus torreyana_). The names southern pine, Georgia pine, and Florida pine are not well chosen, because there are other important pines in the regions named. Turpentine pine is a common term, but other species produce turpentine also, particularly the Cuban pine. Hard pine is much employed in reference to this tree, and it applies well, but it describes other species also. Heart pine is a lumberman’s term to distinguish this species from loblolly, shortleaf, and Cuban pines. The sapwood of the three last named is thick, the heartwood small, while in longleaf pine the sap is thin, the heart large, hence the name applied by lumbermen. In Tennessee where it is not a commercial forest tree, it is called brown pine, and in nearly all parts of the United States it is spoken of as yellow pine, usually with some adjective as “southern,” “Georgia,” or “longleaf.” The persistency with which Georgia is used as a portion of the name of this tree is due to the fact that extensive lumbering of the longleaf forests began in that state. The center of operations has since shifted to the West, and is now in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The tree has many other names, among them being pitch pine and fat pine. These have reference to its value in the naval stores industry. The name longleaf pine is now well established in commercial transactions. It has longer leaves than any other pine in this country. They range in length from eight to eighteen inches. The needles of Cuban pine are from eight to twelve inches; loblolly’s are from six to nine; and those of shortleaf from three to five.