American Indian love lyrics, and other verse, from the songs of the North American Indians
General
American Indian love lyrics, and other verse, from the songs of the North American Indians
Indians of North America -- Poetry
A simpler and more characteristic internal rhyme scheme is found in the
_Prayer of the First Dancers_,[2] _aaa_ _bbb_, in lines 14 to 21:
... nĭkégo ...
... nĭsklégo ...
... niégo ...
... nitságo ...
... bininĭnlágo ...
... dahitágo ...
Two further illustrations show the Navaho command of end rhymes. In the
_Daylight Song_,[3] there is easy inversion of pattern, _abba_:
... dóla aní,
... bĭźa holó,
... bĭźa hozó,
... hwí he inlí.
In _Slayer of the Alien Gods_,[4] the rhyme _aaaaa_ achieves a definite
tone color, rounding with a full open syllable:
... sĭnĭsnlígo,
... hánatahasgo,
... nítatahasgo,
... ínatahasgo,
... nínatahasgo.
We must keep in mind that these uses of rhyme serve only a secondary
purpose in drawing together the elements of the pattern within the stanza.
The stanza of Indian verse, it readily appears, is flexible in form—both
in length of line and in length of thought-unit. The rapid tempo employs
a short line, as in this Maliseet _Dance-Song_:[1]
Kive-hiu-wha-ni-ho
Ya hi ye
Kive-hiu-wha-ni-yo
Ya hi ye
Ya hi ye
Kshi-te-ka-mo-tikʹlo
Ya hi ye
Ya hi ye
Pilsh-kwe-sis-tokʹlo
Ya hi ye
Kshi-te-ka-mo-tikʹlo
Ya hi ye
Twa, twa, twa, twa!
The short line does not merely accompany rapid movement. It appears a
measure of severe economy in some prayers in which the Indian catalogs
his daily needs for seventy or more lines! The formal invocations,
however, commonly use the longer line and the slower movement. Long,
slow, even lines breathe the lament of the _Death of Taluta_ and the
reflective cadences of _Mount Koonak: A Song of Arsut_.
The variation of the lyric line shows technical skill. The _Dance-Song_
just quoted beats out only a simple alteration of long and short lines.
_The Song of the Coyote and the Locust_ begins with long flowing lines,
but snaps off with a gay quick ending:
Tchumali, tchumali, shohkoya,
Tchumali, tchumali, shohkoya,
Yaamii heeshoo taatani tchupatchiute
Shohkoya,
Shohkoya!
When the shorter line falls within the stanza, there is greater play of
mood and thought, with the elasticity of the outward swing and return in
the rhythm of the thought as we feel it through the succession of stanzas
in _The Song of the Rain Chant_. The line of verse sweeps outward and the
thought recedes at the ebb, as clearly as a _Hiroshige_ wave crest lifts
and the waters return to their level.
Within the silhouette of the verse are indisputable metrical patterns,
some structural, some decorative. These patterns frequently occur in
phrases; and these phrases, in turn, fall into a larger pattern which may
be repeated or may be interchanged with other patterns of corresponding
values. They are sometimes of amazing complexity, yet form a compact
unity of design.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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