AZTALAN: The site of a Middle Phase fortified village with mounds in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, in the Cahokia Subculture. It was investigated by the Milwaukee Public Museum. See S. A. Barrett in Bibliography. BARB: A projection or shoulder near the base of the blade of a spear, dart or arrowhead that serves to retain it in a wound and to stimulate bleeding. One of a number of “backward” projections on a harpoon that serves a similar purpose. BAST: The inner bark (phloem) of a tree. BREECH CLOTH or CLOUT: An article of clothing consisting of a narrow band or fold of cloth or skin that passes around the waist and between the legs. BURIAL MOUND: Any man-made hill or knoll erected primarily to enclose the dead. CACHE: A deposit of a large number of artifacts in a grave or, in general, a number of artifacts found together in the earth. CALUMET: See note, page 48. CELT: An ungrooved stone or copper hatchet head. CHIEF: An official selected and formally installed in office by some social process who exercises civil authority by virtue of office. CHIPPING: See Flaking. CHOPPER: Generally any tool used for chopping, hewing, or hacking. Specifically, a chipped flint tool roughly hatchet shaped. Some hand choppers have the edge of the blade paralleling the longer axis of the piece. CHUNKEY STONE: A polished stone disk that was used as a bowl in various types of games. CIVILIZATION: See note, page 26. CLASSIC: The term used in this paper to designate the phase to which the Hopewellian Civilization of the Woodland pattern belongs. CLOVIS POINT: A type of leaf-shaped spearhead with a longitudinal groove (channel or fluting) generally extending one fourth to one half the length of the piece from its base toward its tip. CLUB: An adaptation of a stick for a weapon or a tool for hurling (throwing stick) or battering (war club). The war club is often weighted with a stone head for greater effectiveness. It differs from the tomahawk in that it has no cutting edge. CONCHOIDAL FRACTURE: The property of flint and certain other stones when struck with a hammer of chipping away in flakes which leave concave or shell-like scars or hollows. By suitable control methods, tool and weapon heads of desired types can be produced. CONOIDAL or CONICAL BASE: The characteristic pointed base of Woodland pots. CRAB ORCHARD: A division of the Baumer subculture.